Event-by-event efficiency fluctuations and efficiency correction for cumulants of superposed multiplicity distributions in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments

Shu He; Xiaofeng Luo

doi:10.1088/1674-1137/42/10/104001

Chinese Physics C> 2018, Vol. 42> Issue(10) : 104001 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/10/104001

Event-by-event efficiency fluctuations and efficiency correction for cumulants of superposed multiplicity distributions in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments

Shu He ,
Xiaofeng Luo

Abstract
HTML
Reference
Related

PDF

Abstract：
We performed systematic studies on the effects of event-by-event efficiency fluctuations on efficiency correction for cumulant analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments. Experimentally, particle efficiencies of events measured under different experimental conditions should be different. For fluctuation measurements, the final event-by-event multiplicity distributions should be the superposed distributions of various type of events measured under different conditions. We demonstrate efficiency fluctuation effects using numerical simulation, in which we construct an event ensemble consisting of events with two different efficiencies. By using the mean particle efficiencies, we find that the efficiency corrected cumulants show large deviations from the original inputs when the discrepancy between the two efficiencies is large. We further studied the effects of efficiency fluctuations for the cumulants of net-proton distributions by implementing the UrQMD events of Au+Au collisions at √s_NN=7.7 GeV in a realistic STAR detector acceptance. We consider the unequal efficiency in two sides of the Time Projection Chamber (TPC), multiplicity dependent efficiency, and the event-by-event variations of the collision vertex position along the longitudinal direction (V_z). When the efficiencies fluctuate dramatically within the studied event sample, the effects of efficiency fluctuations have significant impacts on the efficiency corrections of cumulants with the mean efficiencies. We find that this effect can be effectively suppressed by binning the entire event ensemble into various sub-event samples, in which the efficiency variations are relatively small. The final efficiency corrected cumulants can be calculated from the weighted average of the corrected factorial moments of the sub-event samples with the mean efficiencies.
- QCD critical point ,
- QCD phase diagram ,
- heavy-ion collisions ,
- higher moments

References

[1]	S. Gupta, X. Luo, B. Mohanty, H. G. Ritter, and N. Xu, Science, 332:1525 (2011), arXiv:1105.3934[hep-ph].
[2]	J. Cleymans, H. Satz, E. Suhonen, and D. W. von Oertzen, Phys. Lett. B, 242:111 (1990).
[3]	N. J. Davidson, H. G. Miller, R. M. Quick, and J. Cleymans, Phys. Lett. B, 255:105 (1991).
[4]	H.-L. Lao, F.-H. Liu, B.-C. Li, and M.-Y. Duan, Nucl. Sci. Tech., 29:82 (2018), arXiv:1703.04944[nucl-th].
[5]	L. Adamczyk et al (STAR), Phys. Rev. Lett., 112:162301 (2014), arXiv:1401.3043[nucl-ex].
[6]	J. Brachmann, S. Soff, A. Dumitru, H. Stoecker, J. A. Maruhn, W. Greiner, L. V. Bravina, and D. H. Rischke, Phys. Rev. C, 61:024909 (2000), arXiv:nucl-th/9908010[nuclth].
[7]	H. Song, Y. Zhou, and K. Gajdosova, Nucl. Sci. Tech., 28:99 (2017), arXiv:1703.00670[nucl-th].
[8]	K. Hattori and X.-G. Huang, Nucl. Sci. Tech., 28:26 (2017), arXiv:1609.00747[nucl-th].
[9]	Y. Aoki, G. Endrodi, Z. Fodor, S. D. Katz, and K. K. Szabo, Nature, 443:675 (2006), arXiv:hep-lat/0611014[hep-lat].
[10]	B. J. Schaefer and M. Wagner, Phys. Rev. D, 85:034027 (2012), arXiv:1111.6871[hep-ph].
[11]	M. Asakawa, S. Ejiri, and M. Kitazawa, Phys. Rev. Lett., 103:262301 (2009), arXiv:0904.2089[nucl-th].
[12]	G. Endrodi, Z. Fodor, S. D. Katz, and K. K. Szabo, JHEP, 04:001 (2011), arXiv:1102.1356[hep-lat].
[13]	M. A. Stephanov, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 153:139 (2004),[Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 20:4387 (2005)], arXiv:hepph/0402115[hep-ph].
[14]	J.-W. Chen, J. Deng, H. Kohyama, and L. Labun, Phys. Rev. D, 93:034037 (2016), arXiv:1509.04968[hep-ph].
[15]	V. Vovchenko, D. V. Anchishkin, M. I. Gorenstein, and R. V. Poberezhnyuk, Phys. Rev. C, 92:054901 (2015), arXiv:1506.05763[nucl-th].
[16]	V. Vovchenko, M. I. Gorenstein, and H. Stoecker, Phys. Rev. Lett., 118:182301 (2017), arXiv:1609.03975[hep-ph].
[17]	W. Fan, X. Luo, and H. Zong, Identifying the presence of the critical end point in QCD phase diagram by higher order susceptibilities, (2017), arXiv:1702.08674[hep-ph].
[18]	K. Fukushima, Phys. Rev. C, 91:044910 (2015), arXiv:1409.0698[hep-ph].
[19]	F. Karsch and K. Redlich, Phys. Lett. B, 695:136 (2011), arXiv:1007.2581[hep-ph].
[20]	P. Braun-Munzinger, B. Friman, F. Karsch, K. Redlich, and V. Skokov, Phys. Rev. C, 84:064911 (2011), arXiv:1107.4267[hep-ph].
[21]	R. V. Gavai and S. Gupta, Phys. Lett. B, 696:459 (2011), arXiv:1001.3796[hep-lat].
[22]	S. Borsanyi, Z. Fodor, S. D. Katz, S. Krieg, C. Ratti, and K. K. Szabo, Phys. Rev. Lett., 111:062005 (2013), arXiv:1305.5161[hep-lat].
[23]	A. Bazavov et al, Phys. Rev. Lett., 109:192302 (2012), arXiv:1208.1220[hep-lat].
[24]	K. Morita, B. Friman, and K. Redlich, Phys. Lett. B, 741:178 (2015), arXiv:1402.5982[hep-ph].
[25]	L. Jiang, P. Li, and H. Song, Nucl. Phys. A, 956:360 (2016), arXiv:1512.07373[nucl-th].
[26]	L. Jiang, P. Li, and H. Song, Phys. Rev. C, 94:024918 (2016), arXiv:1512.06164[nucl-th].
[27]	L. Adamczyk et al (STAR), Phys. Rev. Lett., 113:092301 (2014), arXiv:1402.1558[nucl-ex].
[28]	P. Alba, W. Alberico, R. Bellwied, M. Bluhm, V. Mantovani Sarti, M. Nahrgang, and C. Ratti, Phys. Lett. B, 738:305 (2014), arXiv:1403.4903[hep-ph].
[29]	X. Luo and N. Xu, Nucl. Sci. Tech., 28:112 (2017), arXiv:1701.02105[nucl-ex].
[30]	S. Ejiri, F. Karsch, and K. Redlich, Phys. Lett. B, 633:275 (2006), arXiv:hep-ph/0509051[hep-ph].
[31]	M. A. Stephanov, K. Rajagopal, and E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. D, 60:114028 (1999), arXiv:hep-ph/9903292[hep-ph].
[32]	M. A. Stephanov, Phys. Rev. Lett., 102:032301 (2009), arXiv:0809.3450[hep-ph].
[33]	M. A. Stephanov, Phys. Rev. Lett., 107:052301 (2011),arXiv:1104.1627[hep-ph].
[34]	A. Bzdak, V. Koch, and N. Strodthoff, Phys. Rev. C, 95:054906 (2017), arXiv:1607.07375[nucl-th].
[35]	X. Luo (STAR), Nucl. Phys. A, 904-905:911c (2013),[Central Eur. J. Phys., 10:1372 (2012)], arXiv:1210.5573[nucl-ex].
[36]	B. Friman, Nucl. Phys. A, 928:198 (2014), arXiv:1404.7471[nucl-th].
[37]	M. Kitazawa and M. Asakawa, Phys. Rev. C, 85:021901 (2012), arXiv:1107.2755[nucl-th].
[38]	M. Kitazawa and M. Asakawa, Phys. Rev. C, 86:024904 (2012),[Erratum:Phys. Rev. C, 86:069902 (2012)], arXiv:1205.3292[nucl-th].
[39]	B. Friman, F. Karsch, K. Redlich, and V. Skokov, Eur. Phys. J. C, 71:1694 (2011), arXiv:1103.3511[hep-ph].
[40]	M. Cheng et al, Phys. Rev. D, 79:074505 (2009), arXiv:0811.1006[hep-lat].
[41]	X. Luo, Nucl. Phys. A, 956:75 (2016), arXiv:1512.09215[nucl-ex].
[42]	M. M. Aggarwal et al (STAR), An Experimental Exploration of the QCD Phase Diagram:The Search for the Critical Point and the Onset of De-confinement, (2010), arXiv:1007.2613[nucl-ex].
[43]	A. Zhao, X. Luo, and H. Zong, Eur. Phys. J. C, 77:207 (2017), arXiv:1609.01416[nucl-th].
[44]	S. Jeon and V. Koch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 5435 (1999), arXiv:nucl-th/9906074[nucl-th].
[45]	M. Asakawa, U. W. Heinz, and B. Muller, Phys. Rev. Lett., 85:2072 (2000), arXiv:hep-ph/0003169[hep-ph].
[46]	J. Xu, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 736:012002 (2016), arXiv:1611.07134[hep-ex].
[47]	J. Xu, S. Yu, F. Liu, and X. Luo, Phys. Rev. C, 94:024901 (2016), arXiv:1606.03900[nucl-ex].
[48]	L. Adamczyk et al (STAR), Collision Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-Kaon Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC, (2017), arXiv:1709.00773[nucl-ex].
[49]	M. M. Aggarwal et al (STAR), Phys. Rev. Lett., 105:022302 (2010), arXiv:1004.4959[nucl-ex].
[50]	L. Adamczyk et al (STAR), Phys. Rev. Lett., 112:032302 (2014), arXiv:1309.5681[nucl-ex].
[51]	X. Luo (STAR), Proceedings, 9th International Workshop on Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement (CPOD 2014):Bielefeld, Germany, November 17-21, 2014, PoS, CPOD2014:019 (2015), arXiv:1503.02558[nucl-ex].
[52]	S. Mukherjee, R. Venugopalan, and Y. Yin, Phys. Rev. Lett., 117:222301 (2016), arXiv:1605.09341[hep-ph].
[53]	S. Mukherjee, R. Venugopalan, and Y. Yin, Phys. Rev. C, 92:034912 (2015), arXiv:1506.00645[hep-ph].
[54]	M. Nahrgang, M. Bluhm, P. Alba, R. Bellwied, and C. Ratti, Eur. Phys. J. C, 75:573 (2015), arXiv:1402.1238[hep-ph].
[55]	A. Bzdak, V. Koch, and V. Skokov, Phys. Rev. C, 87:014901 (2013), arXiv:1203.4529[hep-ph].
[56]	B. Ling and M. A. Stephanov, Phys. Rev. C, 93:034915 (2016), arXiv:1512.09125[nucl-th].
[57]	B. Berdnikov and K. Rajagopal, Phys. Rev. D, 61:105017 (2000), arXiv:hep-ph/9912274[hep-ph].
[58]	S. He, X. Luo, Y. Nara, S. Esumi, and N. Xu, Phys. Lett. B, 762:296 (2016), arXiv:1607.06376[nucl-ex].
[59]	M. Nahrgang, T. Schuster, M. Mitrovski, R. Stock, and M. Bleicher, Eur. Phys. J. C, 72:2143 (2012), arXiv:0903.2911[hep-ph].
[60]	M. Sakaida, M. Asakawa, and M. Kitazawa, Phys. Rev. C, 90:064911 (2014), arXiv:1409.6866[nucl-th].
[61]	B. I. Abelev et al (STAR), Phys. Rev. C, 79:034909 (2009), arXiv:0808.2041[nucl-ex].
[62]	A. Bzdak and V. Koch, Phys. Rev. C, 91:027901 (2015), arXiv:1312.4574[nucl-th].
[63]	X. Luo, Phys. Rev. C, 91:034907 (2015), arXiv:1410.3914[physics.data-an].
[64]	T. Nonaka, M. Kitazawa, and S. Esumi, Phys. Rev. C, 95:064912 (2017), arXiv:1702.07106[physics.data-an].
[65]	M. Kitazawa and X. Luo, Phys. Rev. C, 96:024910 (2017), arXiv:1704.04909[nucl-th].
[66]	X. Luo, J. Phys. G, 39:025008 (2012), arXiv:1109.0593[physics.data-an].
[67]	X. Luo, J. Xu, B. Mohanty, and N. Xu, J. Phys. G, 40:105104 (2013), arXiv:1302.2332[nucl-ex].
[68]	W. R. Leo, Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments:A How to Approach (Berlin, Germany:Springer (1987) 368, 1987).
[69]	S. A. Bass et al, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 41:255 (1998),[Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 41:225 (1998)], arXiv:nucl-th/9803035[nucl-th].
[70]	S. He and X. Luo, Phys. Lett. B, 774:623 (2017), arXiv:1704.00423[nucl-ex]

[1]	Ya-Peng Zhao , Chao-Yong Wang , Shu-Yu Zuo , Cheng-Ming Li . Nonextensive effects on QCD chiral phase diagram and baryon-number fluctuations within Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Chinese Physics C, 2023, 47(5): 053103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acbf2a
[2]	Ya-Peng Zhao , Shu-Yu Zuo , Cheng-Ming Li . Nonextensive effects on QCD chiral phase transition with a chiral chemical potential. Chinese Physics C, 2022, 46(10): 103107. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ac5dbc
[3]	Aftab Ahmad , Ali Murad . Color-flavor dependence of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and QCD phase diagram. Chinese Physics C, 2022, 46(8): 083109. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ac6cd8
[4]	Arghya Chatterjee , Yu Zhang , Hui Liu , Ruiqin Wang , Shu He , Xiaofeng Luo . Effects of centrality fluctuation and deuteron formation on the proton number cumulant in Au+Au collisions at ${ \sqrt {{{ s}_{{{NN}}}}}\; } $ = 3 GeV from the JAM model. Chinese Physics C, 2021, 45(6): 064003. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abf427
[5]	Fan Si , Yifei Zhang , Xiaofeng Luo . Effect of non-uniform efficiency on higher-order cumulants in heavy-ion collisions. Chinese Physics C, 2021, 45(12): 124001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ac24f6
[6]	Jun Yan , Shi-Yong Chen , Wei Dai , Zhang Ben-Wei , En-Ke Wang . Medium modifications of girth distributions for inclusive jets and Z⁰+jets in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. Chinese Physics C, 2021, 45(2): 024102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abca2b
[7]	Arghya Chatterjee , Toshihiro Nonaka , ShinIchi Esumi , Xiaofeng Luo . Efficiency corrections for mutually inclusive variables and particle identification effect for mixed-cumulants in heavy-ion collisions. Chinese Physics C, 2021, 45(10): 104001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ac1100
[8]	Ning Yu , Dingwei Zhang , Xiaofeng Luo . Search for QCD critical point by transverse velocity dependence of anti-deuteron to deuteron ratio. Chinese Physics C, 2020, 44(1): 014002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/44/1/014002
[9]	Wenkai Fan , Xiaofeng Luo , Hongshi Zong . Second to tenth order susceptibilities of conserved charges within a modified Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. Chinese Physics C, 2019, 43(5): 054109. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/43/5/054109
[10]	Xun Chen , Danning Li , Mei Huang . Criticality of QCD in a holographic QCD model with critical end point. Chinese Physics C, 2019, 43(2): 023105. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/43/2/023105
[11]	Wenkai Fan , Xiaofeng Luo , Hongshi Zong . Probing the QCD phase structure with higher order baryon number susceptibilities within the NJL model. Chinese Physics C, 2019, 43(3): 033103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/43/3/033103
[12]	Zhibin Li , Yidian Chen , Danning Li , Mei Huang . Locating the QCD critical end point through peaked baryon number susceptibilities along the freeze-out line. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(1): 053001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/1/013103
[13]	Jiamin Chen , Xiaofeng Luo , Feng Liu , Yasushi Nara . Effects of mean-field and softening of equation of state on elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at √s_NN=5 GeV from the JAM model. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(2): 024001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/2/024001
[14]	Fufang Wen , Jacob Bryon , Liwen Wen , Gang Wang . Event-shape-engineering study of charge separation in heavy-ion collisions. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(1): 014001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/1/014001
[15]	Li Yan . A flow paradigm in heavy-ion collisions. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(4): 042001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/4/042001
[16]	A-Meng Zhao , Yuan-Mei Shi , Jian-Feng Li , Hong-Shi Zong . QCD equation of state for heavy ion collisions. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(10): 103101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/10/103101
[17]	WANG Rui , CHEN Ying , GONG Ming , LIU Chuan , LIU Yu-Bin , LIU Zhao-Feng , MA Jian-Ping , MENG Xiang-Fei , ZHANG Jian-Bo . Phase transition in finite density and temperature lattice QCD. Chinese Physics C, 2015, 39(6): 063103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/39/6/063103
[18]	XING Yong-Zhong , DAI Yue-Qian . Collective flow of K⁺ mesons in heavy-ion collisions predicted by the covariant Kaon dynamics. Chinese Physics C, 2015, 39(11): 114104. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/39/11/114104
[19]	CHEN Li-Zhu , CHEN Yun-Yun , WU Yuan-Fang . Finite-size behavior near the critical point of QCD phase-transition. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(10): 104103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/38/10/104103
[20]	XU Xiao-Mei , FU Yong-Ping , LI Yun-De . η string formation in QCD chiral phase transition. Chinese Physics C, 2010, 34(4): 444-447. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/34/4/004

Access

Get Citation

Shu He and Xiaofeng Luo. Event-by-event efficiency fluctuations and efficiency correction for cumulants of superposed multiplicity distributions in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2018, 42(10): 104001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/42/10/104001

RIS(for EndNote,Reference Manager,ProCite)

BibTex

Txt

Milestone

Received: 2018-04-16

Fund

Supported by the MoST of China 973-Project No.2015CB856901, NSFC (11575069).

Article Metric

Article Views(1591)
PDF Downloads(26)
Cited by(0)

Policy on re-use

To reuse of subscription content published by CPC, the users need to request permission from CPC, unless the content was published under an Open Access license which automatically permits that type of reuse.

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Event-by-event efficiency fluctuations and efficiency correction for cumulants of superposed multiplicity distributions in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments

Abstract：

References

Access

Article Metrics

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Email This Article

Event-by-event efficiency fluctuations and efficiency correction for cumulants of superposed multiplicity distributions in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments

HTML

目录