• [1]

    R. Penrose, Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 57 (1965)

  • [2]

    S. W. Hawking, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 300, 182 (1967)

  • [3]

    S. W. Hawking and R. Penrose, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 314, 529 (1970)

  • [4]

    R. M. Wald, General Relativity (Chicago Univ. Pr., 1984), p. 212

  • [5]

    J. M. M. Senovilla and D. Garfinkle, Class. Quant. Grav. 32(12), 124008 (2015)

  • [6]

    S. Hofmann and M. Schneider, Phys. Rev. D 91(12), 125028 (2015)

  • [7]

    M. Casals, A. Fabbri, C. Martínez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 118(13), 131102 (2017)

  • [8]

    E. Zakhary and C. B. G. Mcintosh, Gen. Rel. Grav. 29(5), 539 (1997)

  • [9]

    V. Pravda, A. Pravdova, A. Coley et al., Class. Quant. Grav. 19, 6213 (2002)

  • [10]

    G. V. Kraniotis, Class. Quant. Grav. 39, 145002 (2022)

  • [11]

    J. Overduin, M. Coplan, K. Wilcomb et al., Universe 6(2), 22 (2020)

  • [12]

    H. W. Hu, C. Lan, and Y. G. Miao, Eur. Phys. J. C 83(11), 1047 (2023)

  • [13]

    H. Weyl, Annalen der physik 359(18), 117 (1917)

  • [14]

    H. Farhoosh and R. L. Zimmerman, Phys. Rev. D 21, 2064 (1980)

  • [15]

    A. Ashtekar and T. Dray, Commun. Math. Phys. 79, 581 (1981)

  • [16]

    M. E. Rodrigues and H. A. Vieira, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 138, 974 (2023)

  • [17]

    J. M. Bardeen, Non-singular general relativistic gravitational collapse, in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Gravitation and the Theory of Relativity, (U.S.S.R., 1968), p. 87

  • [18]

    E. Ayon-Beato and A. Garcia, Phys. Lett. B 493, 149 (2000)

  • [19]

    Z. Y. Fan and X. Wang, Phys. Rev. D 94(12), 124027 (2016)

  • [20]

    C. Lan, Y. G. Miao, and H. Yang, Nucl. Phys. B 971, 115539 (2021)

  • [21]

    Y. Zhang and S. Gao, Class. Quant. Grav. 35(14), 145007 (2018)

  • [22]

    C. Lan, H. Yang, Y. Guo,, et al., Int. J. Theor. Phys. 62, 202 (2023)

  • [23]

    R. Goswami and G. F. R. Ellis, Class. Quant. Grav. 38(8), 085023 (2021)

  • [24]

    M. Kesden, Phys. Rev. D 85, 024037 (2012)

  • [25]

    S. Gezari, D. C. Martin, B. Milliard et al., Astrophys. J. Lett. 653, L25 (2006)

  • [26]

    C. F. McKee, A. Parravano, and D. J. Hollenbach, Astrophys. J. 814(1), 13 (2015)

  • [27]

    D. Bini, C. Chicone, and B. Mashhoon, Phys. Rev. D 95(10), 104029 (2017)

  • [28]

    C. Chicone and B. Mashhoon, Annalen Phys. 14, 290 (2005)

  • [29]

    C. Chicone, B. Mashhoon, and B. Punsly, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 13, 945 (2004)

  • [30]

    F. A. E. Pirani, Acta Phys. Polon. 15, 389 (1956)

  • [31]

    D. Philipp, V. Perlick, C. Laemmerzahl et al., arXiv: 1508.06457

  • [32]

    V. P. Vandeev and A. N. Semenova, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137(2), 185 (2022)

  • [33]

    L. C. B. Crispino, A. Higuchi, L. A. Oliveira et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 76(3), 168 (2016)

  • [34]

    R. M. Gad, Astrophys. Space Sci. 330, 107 (2010)

  • [35]

    H. C. D. Lima, Junior, L. C. B. Crispino, and A. Higuchi, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 135(3), 334 (2020)

  • [36]

    C. Chicone and B. Mashhoon, Class. Quant. Grav. 22, 195 (2005)

  • [37]

    C. Chicone and B. Mashhoon, Class. Quant. Grav. 23, 4021 (2006)

  • [38]

    M. Sharif and S. Sadiq, J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 126(2), 194 (2018)

  • [39]

    H. C. D. Lima and L. C. B. Crispino, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 29(11), 2041014 (2020)

  • [40]

    R. A. Matznert and Y. Nutku, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 336, 285 (1974)

  • [41]

    P. C. Aichelburg and R. U. Sexl, Gen. Rel. Grav. 2(4), 303 (1971)

  • [42]

    G. J. Olmo, D. Rubiera-Garcia, and A. Sanchez-Puente, Phys. Rev. D 92(4), 044047 (2015)

  • [43]

    J. A. Crawford, K. U. Can, R. Horsley et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 071901 (2025)

  • [44]

    G. J. Olmo, D. Rubiera-Garcia, and A. Sanchez-Puente, Class. Quant. Grav. 33(11), 115007 (2016)

  • [45]

    G. J. Olmo, D. Rubiera-Garcia, and A. Sanchez-Puente, Eur. Phys. J. C 76(3), 143 (2016)