Chinese Physics C

Highlights

NLO QCD sum rules analysis of 1^{− +} tetraquark states
Wei-Yang Lai, Hong-Ying Jin

2026, 50(6): 063105. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae4baa

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We have performed a next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD sum rules analysis of the $1^{-+}$ light tetraquark states. By investigating various compact and molecular tetraquark currents, we extracted the mass spectra of the corresponding states, all of which lie above $1.7\,\text{GeV}$. We have identified multiple $1^{-+}$ states around $2.0\,\text{GeV}$ matching well with $\pi_{1}(2015)$, confirming that $\pi_{1}(2015)$ is an excellent tetraquark candidate. By contrast, our calculations exclude the possibility that the $\pi_{1}(1400)$ is a tetraquark or hybrid–tetraquark mixture. This result suggests that it may not exist, which is consistent with recent experimental results.
Negative potential-induced scalarization in the Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg black hole
Hong Guo, Miok Park, Yun Soo Myung

2026, 50(6): 065102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae457c

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We investigate a negative potential-induced scalarization of the Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg (EEH) black hole in the EEH-scalar theory, characterized by mass M, Euler-Heisenberg parameter μ, and magnetic charge q. In the regime $ \mu>\mu_{{\rm{max}}} = 0.019 $ (with $ M=1/2 $), the black hole admits a single horizon and allows for overcharged configurations with $ q/M \gt 1 $. We obtain a single branch of scalarized EEH (sEEH) black holes for $ q>0 $, which is considered as the simplest model for scalarization of EEH black holes. We find that this class of hairy black holes is not thermodynamically favored, and their quasinormal modes indicate that they are dynamically unstable. A notable feature is that the scalar charge depends weakly on q for $ q<1/2 $ but grows more rapidly for $ q>1/2 $, suggesting a transition from primary- to secondary-type scalar charge. This finding reveals characteristic properties of hairy black holes in EEH theory, specifically in the overcharging regime.
Multinucleon transfer products in ⁴⁸Ca, ⁵⁴Cr+²⁴³Am and ⁵⁴Cr+²³⁸U reactions
G. Xie, Z. Y. Zhang, J. G. Wang, L. Ma, M. H. Huang, C. L. Yang, X. L. Wu, Z. G. Gan, H. B. Yang, M. M. Zhang, Y. L. Tian, Y. S. Wang, J. Y. Wang, Y. H. Qiang, L. Zhu, X. Y. Huang, S. Y. Xu, Z. Zhao, Z. C. Li, X. Zhang, H. Zhou, J. H. Zheng, L. C. Sun, F. Guan, W. X. Huang, Z. Qin, Y. Wang, X. J. Yin, Y. F. Cui, Y. He, L. T. Sun, Z. Z. Ren, S. G. Zhou, V. K. Utyonkov, A. A. Voinov, Yu. S. Tsyganov, A. N. Polyakov, D. I. Solovyev, D. Ibadullayev, M. V. Shumeiko

2026, 50(6): 064001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae4bab

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Experiments with ⁴⁸Ca and ⁵⁴Cr induced reactions were performed at the gas-filled recoil separator named Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2 (SHANS2) of the China Accelerator Facility for superheavy Elements (CAFE2). The isotopic distributions of nuclei produced in the reactions of ⁴⁸Ca+²⁴³Am, ⁵⁴Cr+²⁴³Am, and ⁵⁴Cr+²³⁸U were investigated. Bombardments were conducted at energies near the respective Coulomb barriers, with the SHANS2 magnetic rigidities set to collect fusion-evaporation residues. α-decay spectroscopy was employed to identify products, revealing 58 different isotopes in these experiments. The analysis indicates that the distribution of nuclides produced in different reactions exhibits clear systematic trends. Based on their mass distributions, these nuclei were attributed to the products from the quasi-fission (QF) process. Additionally, several short-lived fission events were identified and attributed to the fission isomers near the target.

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Measurement of neutron capture cross sections of copper from 1 eV to 700 keV at CSNS Back-n.
Yubing Li, Zhendong An, Wei Jiang, Yu-gang Ma, Cheng Li, Jie Ren, Xichao Ruan, Jingyu Tang, Ruirui Fan, Di Sun, Liu Li, Jingyi Zhang, Ruoran Bai, Shaokun Liu, Chenchen Guo, Hao Liang, Junheng Hu, Ting Liu, Hongwei Wang, Yi Sui, Xiankai Li, Xinxiang Li, Wen Luo, Yaju Chen, Wen Xie, Zhouji Liao, Xinrong Hu, Chunwang Ma, Han Yi, Yonghao Chen, Qiang Li, Zhixin Tan, Hantao Jing

Published: 2026-06-15, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae71a5

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Published: 2026-06-15, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae71a5

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Superhorizon fluctuations and the cosmic dipole problem
Ge Chen, Chengcheng Han, Linwei Qiu

Published: 2026-06-15, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae6b2e

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Published: 2026-06-15, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae6b2e

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Microscopic Calculations of the First 2⁺ State: Influence of Skyrme Functional Details and nucleon Pairing Interaction
A. Nasr, W. M. Seif, A. R. Abdulghany

Published: 2026-06-14, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae6b2d

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Published: 2026-06-14, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae6b2d

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Effective field theory description of light dilaton
Qing-Hong Cao, Jian-Nan Ding, Bing-Hui Ge, Hao Sun, Jiang-Hao Yu

2026, 50(7): 073112-073112-24. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae6da0

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Dilatons, the CP-even pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons arising from spontaneous scale symmetry breaking, offer a compelling alternative to axion-like particles (ALPs) yet lack a comprehensive low-energy framework. We address this by constructing a systematic effective field theory (EFT) for the dilaton based on a manifestly scale-invariant regularization scheme. This approach derives universal linear couplings to the trace anomaly while preserving consistent renormalization group evolution. We establish a hierarchical EFT tower connecting the ultraviolet conformal sector to the infrared, encompassing the dilaton-extended SMEFT, low-energy EFT up to dimension-7, and a chiral Lagrangian describing meson and baryon interactions. We perform a comprehensive phenomenological analysis across two distinct mass regimes, where the dilaton manifests as either a conventional particle or a wave-like particle. For MeV-scale dilatons behaving as conventional particles, we obtain constraints from LHC production, semi-invisible B- and K-meson decays, and supernova cooling. For ultralight dilatons acting as dark matter, we project sensitivities for atomic clocks and atom interferometers. This unified EFT framework would pave the way for extended phenomenological studies across the full mass spectrum of the light dilaton.

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Research on the contribution of s-process to the abundance of ⁹⁴Mo
Chao Dong, Zhi-Hong Li, Ge-Xing Li, Yun-Ju Li, Na Song, Chen Chen, Jun-Wen Tian, Jia-Ying-Hao Li, Zhi-Cheng Zhang, Hui-Ling Tian, Mei-Yue-Nan Ma

2026, 50(7): 074102-074102-7. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae5ef4

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This paper addresses a long-standing problem in astrophysics—the origin of the solar system abundance of the proton-rich isotope $ ^{94}\text{Mo} $ by proposing a valuable novel mechanism. The main contribution of this work is that it challenges the traditional view of "$ ^{94}\text{Mo} $ as a pure p-process nuclide". For the first time, it demonstrates that within the s-process environment of low-mass AGB stars, a new s-process path ($ ^{93}\text{Zr} \rightarrow $ $ ^{93}\text{Nb} $ $ \rightarrow ^{94}\text{Nb} \rightarrow ^{94}\text{Mo} $) for producing $ ^{94}\text{Mo} $ can be opened, enabled by the significant enhancement of the effective decay rates of $ ^{93}\text{Zr} $ and $ ^{94}\text{Nb} $ due to the high-temperature astrophysical environment. The results show that this s-process channel can contribute up to a maximum of approximately 10.6% to the solar system abundance of $ ^{94}\text{Mo} $. This work provides a new s-process perspective on the origin of $ ^{94}\text{Mo} $ and has implications for reevaluating the sources of other "shielded" p-nuclei.

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The medium modification of the charge-weighted Energy-Energy Correlators in Pb+Pb collisions at ${\sqrt{{\boldsymbol s}_{\boldsymbol{NN}}}\bf =5.02}$ TeV
Han-Yao Liu, Shi-Yong Chen, Wei Dai, Ben-Wei Zhang, Enke Wang

2026, 50(7): 074103-074103-9. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae62ff

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We report a systematic study and predictions of medium-induced modifications in charge-dependent jet substructure using the charge-weighted Energy-Energy Correlators (EEC) in 0−10% central Pb+Pb collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02\ {\rm{TeV}} $. Charged-hadron jets, as well as flavor-separated quark- and gluon-initiated jets with momenta of 40−60 GeV and R = 0.4, are analyzed. The ratio of the charge-weighted distribution to the inclusive EEC, which reflects the magnitude of charge correlations, is uniformly negative, demonstrating the dominance of opposite-charge pairs due to charge conservation. A clear flavor dependence is observed: gluon-initiated jets exhibit weaker opposite-charge correlations in the transition and small-R_L regions than quark-initiated jets, but stronger opposite-charge correlations at larger R_L. In Pb+Pb collisions, the A+A-to-p+p ratio for charge correlations exhibits a universal, flavor-independent pattern: jet quenching enhances opposite-charge correlations at small angles while suppressing them at large angles, leading to a steeper R_L dependence of charge correlations in A+A and indicating more rapid decorrelation as R_L increases. A distinctive V-shaped modification, together with a plateau-like enhancement, appears in the transition and small-R_L regions, independent of jet flavor. By factorizing the EEC into the charged-hadron–pair multiplicity and the average energy-weighting distribution, we identify an enhanced but smeared energy weighting of opposite-charge pairs at small R_L as the origin of this modification. These observations indicate that medium-induced broadening of parton-level splittings in the hot, dense medium dissociates the charged di-hadron pairs (such as $ \pi^+\pi^{-} $) present in p+p collisions. The plateau-like enhancement of charge correlations is also found to be unrelated to selection-bias effects.

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Current Issued

2026 Vol. 50, No. 6
Published: 01 June 2026

Particles And Fields
Nuclear Physics
Particle And Nuclear Astrophysics And Cosmology