Design and simulation of a 12-bit, 40 MSPS asynchronous SAR ADC for the readout of PMT signals

Jian-Feng Liu; Lei Zhao; Jia-Jun Qin; Yun-Fan Yang; Li Yu; Yu Liang; Shu-Bin Liu; Qi An

doi:10.1088/1674-1137/40/11/116103

Chinese Physics C> 2016, Vol. 40> Issue(11) : 116103 DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/11/116103

Design and simulation of a 12-bit, 40 MSPS asynchronous SAR ADC for the readout of PMT signals

Jian-Feng Liu ^1,2 ,
Lei Zhao ^1,2,, ,
Jia-Jun Qin ^1,2 ,
Yun-Fan Yang ^1,2 ,
Li Yu ^1,2 ,
Yu Liang ^1,2 ,
Shu-Bin Liu ^1,2 ,
Qi An ^1,2

1.
State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
2.
Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Abstract
HTML
Reference
Related

PDF

Abstract：
High precision and large dynamic range measurement are required in the readout systems for the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) in the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). This paper presents a prototype of a 12-bit 40 MSPS Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) designed for the readout of the LHAASO WCDA. Combining this ADC and the front-end ASIC finished in our previous work, high precision charge measurement can be achieved based on the digital peak detection method. This ADC is implemented based on a power-efficient Successive Approximation Register (SAR) architecture, which incorporates key parts such as a Capacitive Digital-to-Analog Converter (CDAC), dynamic comparator and asynchronous SAR control logic. The simulation results indicate that the Effective Number Of Bits (ENOB) with a sampling rate of 40 MSPS is better than 10 bits in an input frequency range below 20 MHz, while its core power consumption is 6.6 mW per channel. The above results are good enough for the readout requirements of the WCDA.
- SAR ADC ,
- asynchronous SAR logic ,
- bootstrapped switch ,
- dynamic comparator ,
- LHAASO ,
- WCDA

References

[1]	Z. Cao (LHAASO Collaboration), Chin. Phys. C (HEP NP), 34(2): 249-252(2010)
[2]	Q. An, Y. X. Bai, X. J. Bi et al Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 724: 12-19(2013)
[3]	Z. Cao, Nucl. Insturm. Methods. A, 742: 95-98(2014)
[4]	M. Bouchel, F. Dulucq, J. Fleury et al. SPIROC (SiPM Integrated Read-out Chip): Dedicated very front-end electronics for an ILC prototype hadronic calorimeter with SiPM read-out., in Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Nucl. Sci. Sym. Honolulu (2007), p. 1857-1860
[5]	S. C. Di Lorenzo, J. E. Campagne, F. Dulucq et al. PARISROC, a photomultiplier array integrated read out chip, in Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Nucl. Sci. Sym. Orlando (2009), p. 1074-1081
[6]	S. Blin, P. Barrillon, C. de La Taille. MAROC, a generic photomultiplier readout chip, in Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Nucl. Sci. Sym. Knoxville, TN (2010), p. 1690-1693
[7]	G. De Geronimo J. Fried, L. Shaorui et al, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 60 (3): 2314-2321(2013)
[8]	A. Aspell, M. De Gaspari, H. Franca et al, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 60(2): 1289-1295(2013)
[9]	E. Atkin, V. Ivanov, P. Ivanov et al, J. Instrum., 10: C04006(2015)
[10]	M. J. Lee, D. N. Brown, J. K. Chang et al J. Instrum., 10: P06007(2015)
[11]	H. Abramowicz, FCAL Collaboration. J. Instrum., 10: P05009(2015)
[12]	E. Delagnes, P. Abbon, Y. Bedfer et al, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 47(4): 14471453(2000)
[13]	H. Nishino, K. Awai, Y. Hayato et al, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 610: 710717(2009)
[14]	A. Comerma, D. Gascon, L. Freixas et al. FlexToT-Current mode ASIC for readout of common cathode SiPM arrays, in Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Nucl. Sci. Sym. Seoul (2013), p. 1-2
[15]	S. Ferry, F. Guilloux, S. Anvar et al, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 725: 175178(2013)
[16]	E. Delagnes, Y. Degerli, P. Goret et al, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 567: 2126(2006)
[17]	E. Oberla, J. F Genat, H. Grabas et al, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 735: 452461(2014)
[18]	S. Ritt, Design and performance of the 6 GHz waveform digitizing chip DRS4, in Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Nucl. Sci. Sym. Dresden (2008), p. 1512-1515.
[19]	L. Tibaldo, J. A. Vandenbroucke, A. M. Albert et al. TARGET: toward a solution for the readout electronics of the Cherenkov Telescope Array, in Proc. of 34th ICRC Hague (2015).
[20]	J. F. Liu, L. Zhao, L. Yu et al, arXiv: 1510. 00778
[21]	M. Firlej, T. Fiutowski, M. Idzik et al, J. Instrum., 10: P11012(2015)
[22]	M. Zeloufi (The ATLAS Collaboration), A 12bits 40 MSPS SAR ADC with a redundancy algorithm and digital calibration for the ATLAS LAr calorimeter readout, in Proc. of TWEPP (Lisboa, 2015)
[23]	J. Kuppambatti, J. Ban, T. Andeen et al, J. Instrum., 8: P09008(2013)
[24]	M. Dessouky, A. Kaiser. Electron. Lett., 35 (1): 8-10(1999)
[25]	G. Z. Huang, P. F. Lin, A fast bootstrapped switch for high-speed high-resolution A/D converter, in Proc. of IEEE APCCAS (Kuala Lumpur, 2010), p. 382-385.
[26]	Y. Zhu, C. H Chan, U. F. Chio et al, IEEE J. Solid-ST. Circ., 45 (6): 1111-1121(2010)
[27]	V. Hariprasath, J. Guerber, S-H. Lee et al, Electron. Lett., 46 (9): 620-621(2010)
[28]	G. Van der Plas, B. Verbruggen IEEE J. Solid-ST. Circ., 43 (12): 2631-2640(2008)
[29]	Y. Zhu, C. H. Chan, S. W. Sin et al, IEEE J. Solid-ST. Circ., 47 (11): 2613-2626(2012)
[30]	C. H. Chan, Y. Zhu, U. F. Chio et al. A voltage-controlled capacitance offset calibration technique for high resolution dynamic comparator, in Proc. of ISOCC (Busan, 2009), p. 392-395.
[31]	S.-W. M. Chen R. W. Brodersen. IEEE J. Solid-ST. Circ., 41(12): 2669-2680(2006)
[32]	C. Y. Xue, Y. Wang, F. L. Li et al, An 11-bit 200MS/s SAR ADC IP for wireless communication SOC, in Proc. of ICSICT (Guilin, 2014), p. 1-3
[33]	L. Yuxiao, S. Lu, L Zhe et al, Journal of Semiconductors, 35(4): 045009(2014)
[34]	R. H. Walden. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 17(4): 539-550(1999)

[1]	Huan-Yu Jia , Li Feng , D. Ruffolo , Yu. V. Stenkin , Xun-Xiu Zhou . Chapter 7 Solar and Heliospheric Physics and Interdisciplinary Research with LHAASO. Chinese Physics C, 2022, 46(3): 030007. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ac3fae
[2]	Xin-Hua Ma , Yu-Jiang Bi , Zhen Cao , Ming-Jun Chen , Song-Zhan Chen , Yao-Dong Cheng , Guang-Hua Gong , Min-Hao Gu , Hui-Hai He , Chao Hou , Wen-Hao Huang , Xing-Tao Huang , Cheng Liu , Oleg Shchegolev , Xiang-Dong Sheng , Yuri Stenkin , Chao-Yong Wu , Han-Rong Wu , Sha Wu , Gang Xiao , Zhi-Guo Yao , Shou-Shan Zhang , Yi Zhang , Xiong Zuo . Chapter 1 LHAASO Instruments and Detector technology. Chinese Physics C, 2022, 46(3): 030001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ac3fa6
[3]	F. Aharonian , Q. An , , L.X. Bai , Y.X. Bai , Y.W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X.J. Bi , Y.J. Bi , H. Cai , J.T. Cai , Z. Cao , Z. Cao , J. Chang , J.F. Chang , X.C. Chang , B.M. Chen , J. Chen , L. Chen , L. Chen , L. Chen , M.J. Chen , M.L. Chen , Q.H. Chen , S.H. Chen , S.Z. Chen , T.L. Chen , X.L. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Y.D. Cheng , S.W. Cui , X.H. Cui , Y.D. Cui , B.Z. Dai , H.L. Dai , Z.G. Dai , , D. della Volpe , B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli , X.J. Dong , J.H. Fan , Y.Z. Fan , Z.X. Fan , J. Fang , K. Fang , C.F. Feng , L. Feng , S.H. Feng , Y.L. Feng , B. Gao , C.D. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , M.M. Ge , L.S. Geng , G.H. Gong , Q.B. Gou , M.H. Gu , J.G. Guo , X.L. Guo , Y.Q. Guo , Y.Y. Guo , Y.A. Han , H.H. He , H.N. He , J.C. He , S.L. He , X.B. He , Y. He , M. Heller , Y.K. Hor , C. Hou , X. Hou , H.B. Hu , S. Hu , S.C. Hu , X.J. Hu , D.H. Huang , Q.L. Huang , W.H. Huang , X.T. Huang , Z.C. Huang , F. Ji , X.L. Ji , H.Y. Jia , K. Jiang , Z.J. Jiang , C. Jin , D. Kuleshov , K. Levochkin , B.B. Li , C. Li , C. Li , F. Li , H.B. Li , H.C. Li , H.Y. Li , J. Li , K. Li , W.L. Li , X. Li , X. Li , X.R. Li , Y. Li , Y.Z. Li , Z. Li , Z. Li , E.W. Liang , Y.F. Liang , S.J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , H. Liu , H.D. Liu , J. Liu , J.L. Liu , J.S. Liu , J.Y. Liu , M.Y. Liu , R.Y. Liu , S.M. Liu , W. Liu , Y.N. Liu , Z.X. Liu , W.J. Long , R. Lu , H.K. Lv , B.Q. Ma , L.L. Ma , X.H. Ma , J.R. Mao , A. Masood , W. Mitthumsiri , T. Montaruli , Y.C. Nan , B.Y. Pang , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z.Y. Pei , M.Y. Qi , B.Q. Qiao , D. Ruffolo , V. Rulev , A. Sáiz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , X.D. Sheng , J.R. Shi , H.C. Song , Yu.V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Q.N. Sun , X.N. Sun , Z.B. Sun , P.H.T. Tam , Z.B. Tang , W.W. Tian , B.D. Wang , C. Wang , H. Wang , H.G. Wang , J.C. Wang , J.S. Wang , L.P. Wang , L.Y. Wang , R.N. Wang , W. Wang , W. Wang , X.G. Wang , X.J. Wang , X.Y. Wang , Y.D. Wang , Y.J. Wang , Y.P. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. Wang , Z.H. Wang , Z.X. Wang , D.M. Wei , J.J. Wei , Y.J. Wei , T. Wen , C.Y. Wu , H.R. Wu , S. Wu , W.X. Wu , X.F. Wu , S.Q. Xi , J. Xia , J.J. Xia , G.M. Xiang , G. Xiao , H.B. Xiao , G.G. Xin , Y.L. Xin , Y. Xing , D.L. Xu , R.X. Xu , L. Xue , D.H. Yan , C.W. Yang , F.F. Yang , J.Y. Yang , L.L. Yang , M.J. Yang , R.Z. Yang , S.B. Yang , Y.H. Yao , Z.G. Yao , Y.M. Ye , L.Q. Yin , N. Yin , X.H. You , Z.Y. You , Y.H. Yu , Q. Yuan , H.D. Zeng , T.X. Zeng , W. Zeng , Z.K. Zeng , M. Zha , X.X. Zhai , B.B. Zhang , H.M. Zhang , H.Y. Zhang , J.L. Zhang , J.W. Zhang , L. Zhang , L. Zhang , L.X. Zhang , P.F. Zhang , P.P. Zhang , R. Zhang , S.R. Zhang , S.S. Zhang , X. Zhang , X.P. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y.F. Zhang , Y.L. Zhang , B. Zhao , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L.Z. Zhao , S.P. Zhao , F. Zheng , Y. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J.N. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X.X. Zhou , C.G. Zhu , F.R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K.J. Zhu , X. Zuo , (The LHAASO Collaboration) . Performance of LHAASO-WCDA and observation of the Crab Nebula as a standard candle. Chinese Physics C, 2021, 45(8): 085002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ac041b
[4]	Dong-Ze He , Xiao-Jun Bi , Su-Jie Lin , Peng-Fei Yin , Xin Zhang . Expected LHAASO sensitivity to decaying dark matter signatures from dwarf galaxies gamma-ray emission. Chinese Physics C, 2020, 44(8): 085001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/44/8/085001
[5]	Wen-Xuan Pi , Min Huang , Feng-Rong Zhu , Yu He , Ning Xie , Yong Zhang , Qi-Hui Chen , Huan-Yu Jia . Extinction coefficients of surface atmospheric aerosol above LHAASO. Chinese Physics C, 2019, 43(8): 085001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/43/8/085001
[6]	L. Q. Yin , S. S. Zhang , Z. Cao , B. Y. Bi , C. Wang , J. L. Liu , L. L. Ma , M. J. Yang , Tiina Suomijärvi , Y. Zhang , Z. Y. You , Z. Z. Zong , (for the LHAASO Collaboration) . Expected energy spectrum of cosmic ray protons and helium below 4 PeV measured by LHAASO. Chinese Physics C, 2019, 43(7): 075001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/43/7/075001
[7]	Hui-Cai Li , Zhi-Guo Yao , Chun-Xu Yu , Ming-Jun Chen , Han-Rong Wu , Min Zha , Bo Gao , Xiao-Jie Wang , Jin-Yan Liu , Wen-Ying Liao . A method to monitor and measure the water transparency in LHAASO-WCDA using cosmic muon signals. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(2): 026002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/41/2/026002
[8]	Xiang Liu , Jing-Fan Chang , Zheng Wang , Lei Fan . Prototype of readout electronics for the LHAASO KM2A electromagnetic particle detectors. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(7): 076101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/7/076101
[9]	Xu Wang , Zhong-Quan Zhang , Ye Tian , Yan-Yan Du , Xiao Zhao , Fu-Wang Shen , Chang-Yu Li , Yan-Sheng Sun , Cun-Feng Feng . Setup of a photomultiplier tube test bench for LHAASO-KM2A. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(8): 086003. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/8/086003
[10]	Jian-Feng Liu , Lei Zhao , Li Yu , Yu Liang , Jia-Jun Qin , Yun-Fan Yang , Wei-Hao Wu , Shu-Bin Liu , Qi An . An analogue front-end ASIC prototype designed for PMT signal readout. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(6): 066101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/6/066101
[11]	Cong Ma , Lei Zhao , Yu-Xiang Guo , Jian-Feng Liu , Shu-Bin Liu , Qi An . Analog front-end prototype electronics for the LHAASO WCDA. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(1): 016101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/1/016101
[12]	WU Wei-Hao , ZHAO Lei , LIANG Yu , YU Li , LIU Jian-Feng , LIU Shu-Bin , AN Qi . Evaluation of a front-end ASIC for the readout of PMTs over a large dynamic range. Chinese Physics C, 2015, 39(12): 126101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/39/12/126101
[13]	LI Hui-Cai , CHEN Ming-Jun , JIA Huan-Yu , GAO Bo , YAO Zhi-Guo , YUO Xiao-Hao , ZHOU Bin , ZHU Feng-Rong , . Study on the optimization of the water Cherenkov detector array of the LHAASO project for surveying VHE gamma ray sources. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(1): 016002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/38/1/016002
[14]	LIU Jia , SHENG Xiang-Dong , HE Hui-Hai , ZHAO Jing , CHANG Jin-Fan , GU Min-Hao , HOU Chao , LÜ Hong-Kui . Performances and long-term stability of the LHAASO-KM2A prototype array. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(2): 026001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/38/2/026001
[15]	ZHAO Jing , LIU Jia , SHENG Xiang-Dong , HE Hui-Hai , GUO Yi-Qing , HOU Chao , LÜ Hong-Kui . Design and performances of electromagnetic particle detector for LHAASO-KM2A. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(3): 036002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/38/3/036002
[16]	XU Tong-Ye , DU Yan-Yan , WANG Xu , SHAO Ruo-Bin , ZHANG Deng-Feng , ZHU Cheng-Guang . Test of the LHAASO electron detector prototype using cosmic rays. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(11): 116004. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/38/11/116004
[17]	ZHAO Lei , LIU Shu-Bin , AN Qi . Proposal of the readout electronics for the WCDA in the LHAASO experiment. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(1): 016101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/38/1/016101
[18]	GAO Bo , CHEN Ming-Jun , GU Min-Hao , HAO Xin-Jun , LI Hui-Cai , WU Han-Rong , YAO Zhi-Guo , YOU Xiao-Hao , ZHOU Bin . Online charge calibration of LHAASO-WCDA-a study with the engineering array. Chinese Physics C, 2014, 38(2): 026003. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/38/2/026003
[19]	HUANG Wei-Ping , JIANG Kun , LI Cheng , TANG Ze-Bo , SHAO Ming , CHEN Hong-Fang , SUN Yong-Jie . Design of the photomultiplier tube bases for high dynamic range readout in WCDA. Chinese Physics C, 2013, 37(3): 036001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/37/3/036001
[20]	CAO Zhen (for the LHAASO collaboration) . A future project at tibet: the large high altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO). Chinese Physics C, 2010, 34(2): 249-252. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/34/2/018

Access

Get Citation

Jian-Feng Liu, Lei Zhao, Jia-Jun Qin, Yun-Fan Yang, Li Yu, Yu Liang, Shu-Bin Liu and Qi An. Design and simulation of a 12-bit, 40 MSPS asynchronous SAR ADC for the readout of PMT signals[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2016, 40(11): 116103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/40/11/116103

RIS(for EndNote,Reference Manager,ProCite)

BibTex

Txt

Milestone

Received: 2016-01-05
Revised: 2016-05-13

Fund

Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX2-YW-N27), CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP)

Article Metric

Article Views(1753)
PDF Downloads(142)
Cited by(0)

Policy on re-use

To reuse of subscription content published by CPC, the users need to request permission from CPC, unless the content was published under an Open Access license which automatically permits that type of reuse.

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Design and simulation of a 12-bit, 40 MSPS asynchronous SAR ADC for the readout of PMT signals

Abstract：

References

Access

Article Metrics

Metrics

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Email This Article

Design and simulation of a 12-bit, 40 MSPS asynchronous SAR ADC for the readout of PMT signals

Corresponding author: Lei Zhao,

HTML

目录