Chinese Physics C

Highlights

Soft pattern of Rutherford scattering from heavy target mass expansion
Yu Jia, Jia-Yue Zhang

2025, 49(3): 033102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acdb56

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We investigate the soft behavior of the tree-level Rutherford scattering process. We consider two types of Rutherford scattering processes: One in which a low-energy massless point-like projectile (say, a spin-${1/ 2}$ or spin-$ 0 $ electron) hits a static massive composite target particle carrying various spins (up to spin-$ 2 $), and one where a slowly-moving light projectile hits a heavy static composite target. For the first type, the unpolarized cross sections in the laboratory frame are found to exhibit universal forms in the first two orders of $ 1/M $ expansion yet differ at the next-to-next-to-leading order (though some terms at this order still remain universal or depend on the target spin in a definite manner). For the second type, at the lowest order in electron velocity expansion, through all orders in $ 1/M $, the unpolarized cross section is universal (also not sensitive to the projectile spin). The universality partially breaks down at relative order-$ v^2/M^2 $, though some terms at this order are still universal or depend on the target spin in a specific manner. We also employ the effective field theory approach to reproduce the soft behavior of the differential cross sections for when the target particle is a composite spin-${1/ 2}$ fermion.
Potential to identify neutrino mass ordering with reactor antineutrinos at JUNO
Angel Abusleme, Thomas Adam, Shakeel Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmed, Sebastiano Aiello, Muhammad Akram, Abid Aleem, Fengpeng An, Qi An, Giuseppe Andronico, Nikolay Anfimov, Vito Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, Burin Asavapibhop, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André, Didier Auguste, Weidong Bai, Nikita Balashov, Wander Baldini, Andrea Barresi, Davide Basilico, Eric Baussan, Marco Bellato, Marco Beretta, Antonio Bergnoli, Daniel Bick, Lukas Bieger, Svetlana Biktemerova, Thilo Birkenfeld, Iwan Morton-Blake, David Blum, Simon Blyth, Anastasia Bolshakova, Mathieu Bongrand, Clément Bordereau, Dominique Breton, Augusto Brigatti, Riccardo Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, Antonio Budano, Jose Busto, Anatael Cabrera, Barbara Caccianiga, Hao Cai, Xiao Cai, Yanke Cai, Zhiyan Cai, Stéphane Callier, Antonio Cammi, Agustin Campeny, Chuanya Cao, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, Rossella Caruso, Cédric Cerna, Vanessa Cerrone, Chi Chan, Jinfan Chang, Yun Chang, Auttakit Chatrabhuti, Chao Chen, Guoming Chen, Pingping Chen, Shaomin Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu C

2025, 49(3): 033104. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ad7f3e

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The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China. This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants. This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5 km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angle θ₂₃. The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site, local and global nuclear reactors, JUNO and TAO detector responses, expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds, and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs. We find that a 3σ median sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure of about 6.5 years × 26.6 GW thermal power.
Layout optimization and performance analysis of large array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes
Zhipeng Zhang, Ruizhi Yang, Shoushan Zhang, Zhen Xie, Jiali Liu, Liqiao Yin, Yudong Wang, Lingling Ma, Zhen Cao

2025, 49(3): 035001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ad8e3f

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The large array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (LACT) is a planned array of 32 Cherenkov telescopes, each featuring 6-m diameter mirrors, to be constructed at the LHAASO site. This study focused on optimizing the array layout and analyzing the performance of LACT. Two observation modes were examined: large zenith angle observations for ultra-high energy events and small zenith angle observations for lower energy thresholds. For large zenith angles (60°), simulations indicate that an 8-telescope subarray can achieve an effective area of $ 3 \; \rm km^2 $ with excellent angular resolution. For small zenith angles, we optimized the layout of 4-telescope cells and the full 32-telescope array. The energy threshold of the full array is approximately 200 GeV, which is particularly crucial for studying transient phenomena such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This study provides essential guidance for finalizing the LACT layout design and estimating performance under various observational conditions. It also highlights the potential of LACT for conducting deep observations of ultra-high energy γ-ray sources, performing morphological studies of PeVatrons, and advancing time-domain γ-ray astronomy.

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Configuration-interaction relativistic Hartree-Fock model
Jia Liu, Yi Fei Niu, Wen Hui Long

Published: 2025-03-15

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Published: 2025-03-15

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Extraction of nuclear imaginary potential from the excitation function of backward quasi-elastic scattering
Hui-yan Li, Cheng-jian Lin, Lei Yang, Hui-ming Jia, Pei-wei Wen, Nan-ru Ma, Feng Yang, Tian-Peng Luo, Chang Chang, Hai-rui Duan, Song-xian Zhu, Cheng Yin, Zhi-jie Huang, Hao-rui Wang, Ze-rui Fan, Ling-yi Fu

Published: 2025-03-15

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Published: 2025-03-15

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Dark Photon Dark Matter in Quantum Electromagnetodynamics and Detection at Haloscope Experiments
Chang-Jie Dai, Tong Li, Rui-Jia Zhang

Published: 2025-03-15

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Published: 2025-03-15

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Exploring percolation phase transition in the three-dimensional Ising model with machine learning
Ranran Guo, Xiaobing Li, Rui Wang, Shiyang Chen, Yuanfang Wu, Zhiming Li

2025, 49(5): 054103-054103-9. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adaa59

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Studying percolation phase transitions offers valuable insights into the characteristics of phase transitions, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms that govern the formation of global connectivity within a system. We explore the percolation phase transition in the 3D cubic Ising model by employing two machine learning techniques. Our results demonstrate that machine learning methods can distinguish different phases during the percolation transition. Through the finite-size scaling analysis on the output of the neural networks, the percolation temperature and a correlation length exponent in the geometrical percolation transition are extracted and compared to those in the thermal magnetization phase transition within the 3D Ising model. These findings provide a valuable method for enhancing our understanding of the properties of the QCD critical point, which belongs to the same universality class as the 3D Ising model.

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Astrophysical properties of static black holes embedded in a Dehnen type dark matter halo with the presence of quintessential field
Ahmad Al-Badawi, Sanjar Shaymatov

2025, 49(5): 055101-055101-13. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adb2fd

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From an astrophysical perspective, the composition of black holes (BHs), dark matter (DM), and dark energy can be an intriguing physical system. In this study, we consider Schwarzschild BHs embedded in a Dehnen-type DM halo with a quintessential field. This study examines the horizons, shadows, deflection angle, and quasinormal modes (QNMs) of the effective BH spacetime and how they are affected by the dark sector. The Schwarzschild BH embodied in a Dehnen-type DM halo with a quintessential field possesses two horizons: the event and cosmological horizons. We demonstrate that all dark sector parameters increase the event horizon while decreasing the cosmological horizon. We analyze the BH shadow and emphasize the impact of DM and quintessence parameters on the shadow. We show that the dark sector casts larger shadows than a Schwarzschild BH in a vacuum. Further, we delve into the weak gravitational lensing deflection angle using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem (GBT). We then investigate the system's QNMs using the 6th order WKB approach. To visually demonstrate the dark sector parameters, we present figures that illustrate the impact of varying the parameters of the Dehnen-type DM halo as well as the quintessence background. Our findings show that the gravitational waves emitted by BHs with a dark sector have a lower frequency and decay rate compared to those emitted by BHs in a vacuum.

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Symmetry energy effect on hot nuclear matter and proto-neutron stars
Xuhao Wu, Peng-Cheng Chu, Min Ju, He Liu

2025, 49(5): 054102-054102-9. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/adaa58

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We examine the effects of symmetry energy on proto-neutron stars (PNSs) using an equation of state (EOS) described by the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model. The thermal properties of dense matter and the bulk properties of PNSs are investigated under the assumptions of isothermy, isentropy, and fixed lepton fractions. The polytropic index is calculated at finite temperature, revealing a negative correlation with the maximum mass of a PNS that the EOS can support. The properties of PNSs during the heating and cooling stages along their evolutionary path are explored under different combinations of lepton fraction and entropy. We investigate the correlation between symmetry energy slope L and the properties of PNSs. As L increases, the radius of a PNS also increases; however, this effect diminishes with a growing lepton fraction in the isentropic case. These results indicate that nuclear symmetry energy and its density dependence play crucial roles in determining the properties of PNSs and their evolutionary stages.

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Current Issued

2025 Vol. 49, No. 3
Published: 28 February 2025

Particles And Fields
Nuclear Physics
Particle And Nuclear Astrophysics And Cosmology