1978 Vol. 2, No. 4
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Abstract:
We discuss the problem of microcausality in a model of quantized field theory. Under the assumptions that the commutator of the "in" fields satisfies the requirement of translational invariance, we show that, in the case of self-conjugate scalar particles or particles with integer spins, one can deduce the law of microcausality.
We discuss the problem of microcausality in a model of quantized field theory. Under the assumptions that the commutator of the "in" fields satisfies the requirement of translational invariance, we show that, in the case of self-conjugate scalar particles or particles with integer spins, one can deduce the law of microcausality.
Abstract:
Let F be a SUN gauge field on the space-time manifold M4, bλ（x） （λ=0,1, 2, 3） the gauge potentials, the field strengths and Q（x） a Higgs field. All quantities b, fλμ and Q（x） are SUN'-valued, i.e. they are represented by N×N anti-hermitian traceless matrices.Let M4' be the set of x such that Q（x）≠0 and define on M4', where The following results are obtained:Theorem 1. The 1st set of Maxwell equations Fλμ,v+Fμv,λ+Fvλ,μ=0 are satisfied for arbitrary bλ if and only if with Here s is an integer, 1≤s≤N-1.Suppose the conditions in theorem 1 are satisfied.Theorem 2. If s is a space-like two-dimensional surface, the value of dual charges contained in s defined by is equal to lq', where l is an integer and Theorem 3. The value of dual charges contained in S is equal to the integral which is independent of the gauge potentials.Theorem 4. The least positive value q' of dual charge can be attained by some Higgs fields.Remarks（a） When N=2, the results obtained are consistent with those of t Hooft, Arafune and Hou etc.（b） For N=3, we give an answer to the question of quantized values of dual charges which was discussed by Marciano and Pagels.（c） The Higgs field ø（x） is a mapping from M'4 into the AⅢ type symmetric space SUN/S(Us X UN-s) and the integral is an extension of Kronecker index for N=2.
Let F be a SUN gauge field on the space-time manifold M4, bλ（x） （λ=0,1, 2, 3） the gauge potentials, the field strengths and Q（x） a Higgs field. All quantities b, fλμ and Q（x） are SUN'-valued, i.e. they are represented by N×N anti-hermitian traceless matrices.Let M4' be the set of x such that Q（x）≠0 and define on M4', where The following results are obtained:Theorem 1. The 1st set of Maxwell equations Fλμ,v+Fμv,λ+Fvλ,μ=0 are satisfied for arbitrary bλ if and only if with Here s is an integer, 1≤s≤N-1.Suppose the conditions in theorem 1 are satisfied.Theorem 2. If s is a space-like two-dimensional surface, the value of dual charges contained in s defined by is equal to lq', where l is an integer and Theorem 3. The value of dual charges contained in S is equal to the integral which is independent of the gauge potentials.Theorem 4. The least positive value q' of dual charge can be attained by some Higgs fields.Remarks（a） When N=2, the results obtained are consistent with those of t Hooft, Arafune and Hou etc.（b） For N=3, we give an answer to the question of quantized values of dual charges which was discussed by Marciano and Pagels.（c） The Higgs field ø（x） is a mapping from M'4 into the AⅢ type symmetric space SUN/S(Us X UN-s) and the integral is an extension of Kronecker index for N=2.
Abstract:
In this short paper, which is based on an analysis of some contradictions of the principles for the determination of the solution in usual quantum mechanics, and we suggest an adjusted framework of quantum mechanics, which naturally contains essentailly singular states. By using the monopole harmonics, which were studied by Yang and Wu, we solve the stationary state problems of the exotic atoms, which contain the magnetic monopole and different elementary particles.
In this short paper, which is based on an analysis of some contradictions of the principles for the determination of the solution in usual quantum mechanics, and we suggest an adjusted framework of quantum mechanics, which naturally contains essentailly singular states. By using the monopole harmonics, which were studied by Yang and Wu, we solve the stationary state problems of the exotic atoms, which contain the magnetic monopole and different elementary particles.
Abstract:
In this paper, we discuss the nature of the newly discovered heavy particle Y（9.5）. Five possibilities of experimental criteria are analysed. We show that if Y is a heavy photon, an intermediate boson, a bound state of straton-antistraton or a hadron without valence stratons, and all the Γee will differ by several orders of magnitude and can therefore be discriminated easily in e+ e-collision experiments. The width value Fee and its ratio of γ to γ' are not identical for the case of colour excited states of meson and the case of bound states of the new straton-antistraton. The masses of other existing new particles can also be predicted. In particular, the masses of weakly decaying heavy particles are not the same for these two cases, which may be regarded as a criterion to discriminate between these two cases. We have also discussed the main decaying properties of γ for these five possibilities.
In this paper, we discuss the nature of the newly discovered heavy particle Y（9.5）. Five possibilities of experimental criteria are analysed. We show that if Y is a heavy photon, an intermediate boson, a bound state of straton-antistraton or a hadron without valence stratons, and all the Γee will differ by several orders of magnitude and can therefore be discriminated easily in e+ e-collision experiments. The width value Fee and its ratio of γ to γ' are not identical for the case of colour excited states of meson and the case of bound states of the new straton-antistraton. The masses of other existing new particles can also be predicted. In particular, the masses of weakly decaying heavy particles are not the same for these two cases, which may be regarded as a criterion to discriminate between these two cases. We have also discussed the main decaying properties of γ for these five possibilities.
Abstract:
Ultra-high energy γ-rays have been observed by emulsion chambers exposed at Yunnan Station （3200m, 700g/cm2 atmospheric depth）. The integral spectrum, the vertical intensity and the attenuation length in air of the gamma rays in the energy region 2 TeV to 30 TeV are presented. The results of gamma ray families with total observed energies ranging from 5 TeV to 70 TeV are discussed.
Ultra-high energy γ-rays have been observed by emulsion chambers exposed at Yunnan Station （3200m, 700g/cm2 atmospheric depth）. The integral spectrum, the vertical intensity and the attenuation length in air of the gamma rays in the energy region 2 TeV to 30 TeV are presented. The results of gamma ray families with total observed energies ranging from 5 TeV to 70 TeV are discussed.
Abstract:
Quantum field theory is applied to meson states formed from a pair of straton and anti-straton, and also baryon states formed from three stratons according to the straton model. Two types of effective potential are also introduced which interact with the stratons through Dirac matrices γ5 and γ4 respectively. The rest mass of the stratons is assumed to be very heavy. The resulting wave equations give very satisfactory account of the mass spectra of the ground and excited states of various mesons and baryons.
Quantum field theory is applied to meson states formed from a pair of straton and anti-straton, and also baryon states formed from three stratons according to the straton model. Two types of effective potential are also introduced which interact with the stratons through Dirac matrices γ5 and γ4 respectively. The rest mass of the stratons is assumed to be very heavy. The resulting wave equations give very satisfactory account of the mass spectra of the ground and excited states of various mesons and baryons.
Abstract:
In this paper, the basis of the Glauber theory is changed from the schrodinger equation to a relativistic equation, which is then solved using eikonal approximation to investigate the high energy behavior of the scattering amplitude and its relationship with phenomenological nuclear forces. A correction to the Glauber theory including the modification of transverse and longitudinal momentum transfer is also proposed.
In this paper, the basis of the Glauber theory is changed from the schrodinger equation to a relativistic equation, which is then solved using eikonal approximation to investigate the high energy behavior of the scattering amplitude and its relationship with phenomenological nuclear forces. A correction to the Glauber theory including the modification of transverse and longitudinal momentum transfer is also proposed.
Abstract:
The yields of 15 and 17 fission, products have been obtained by radiochemical determinations in 12C-induced fission of 209Bi and 238U respectively. From these data, the mass distributions of fission fragments are calculated based on three different hypotheses for the charge distribution. The results seem to indicate that the hypothesis of equal charge displacement gives the best fit to the Gaussian distribution for the masses of the fission fragments. By comparison with the mass distributions for 209Bi (12C, f), 238U(12C, f) and 197Au(12C, f) in our early measurement, we find that for fission parameter Z2/A>37, the width of the mass distributions increases with Z2/A rapidly.
The yields of 15 and 17 fission, products have been obtained by radiochemical determinations in 12C-induced fission of 209Bi and 238U respectively. From these data, the mass distributions of fission fragments are calculated based on three different hypotheses for the charge distribution. The results seem to indicate that the hypothesis of equal charge displacement gives the best fit to the Gaussian distribution for the masses of the fission fragments. By comparison with the mass distributions for 209Bi (12C, f), 238U(12C, f) and 197Au(12C, f) in our early measurement, we find that for fission parameter Z2/A>37, the width of the mass distributions increases with Z2/A rapidly.
Abstract:
Based on the statistical fission theory, we have calculated the mass and kinetic energy distributions as well as other physical quantities of 235U fission induced by thermal neutron using microscopical method. That is, the quantum state densities of the fragments at scission point are calculated by means of BCS hamiltonian. The contribution of the collective deformation of fragments to the quantum state density has been taken into consideration. The potential energy of fragment is calculated by means of Strutinski procedure, and the shelling effect, pairing correlation as well as collective deformation have been taken into consideration in calculating the excitation energy at scission point. The scission point distance is treated as an adjustable parameter.Comparing with other statistical fission theories, our results give better agreement with existing experiments.
Based on the statistical fission theory, we have calculated the mass and kinetic energy distributions as well as other physical quantities of 235U fission induced by thermal neutron using microscopical method. That is, the quantum state densities of the fragments at scission point are calculated by means of BCS hamiltonian. The contribution of the collective deformation of fragments to the quantum state density has been taken into consideration. The potential energy of fragment is calculated by means of Strutinski procedure, and the shelling effect, pairing correlation as well as collective deformation have been taken into consideration in calculating the excitation energy at scission point. The scission point distance is treated as an adjustable parameter.Comparing with other statistical fission theories, our results give better agreement with existing experiments.
Abstract:
The Master equation for quantum systems with strong interaction is derived, and the condition for its validity is discussed.
The Master equation for quantum systems with strong interaction is derived, and the condition for its validity is discussed.
Abstract:
Abstract:
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