Time-resolved X-ray scattering was employed to in-situ monitor the epitaxial growth process of the thin films and multilayers of EuTiO₃ and SrTiO₃ during pulsed laser deposition. The temporal intensity oscillations of the reflected X-rays at anti-Bragg position and the transient processes following the flux pulses were observed. The temporal intensity oscillations were used to control the film thickness, and the reflectivity along the crystal truncation rod was used to measure both the film thickness and the surface/interface roughness. The primary features of the X-ray intensity oscillations were reproduced via simulating the experimental data using diffusive rate equation model. Several mechanisms of determining the X-ray intensity features were discerned.

Microstructure of NiO-containing Co/Cu/Co spin valves (CCC-SV) annealed at room temperature for nearly four years has been studied by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction. With the annealing time expanding, the thickness of each sub-layer remains nearly unchanged while the interface roughness varies obviously compared with that of samples without annealing. The roughness at the interface of NiO/Co decreases with the annealing time increasing for both of the samples with NiO layer on the top (TSV) and under the bottom (BSV) of CCC-SV. On the other hand, the roughness at Co/Cu interface increases with the annealing time expanding for BSV while it decreases for TSV. These results indicate that the structure of TSV is more stable than that of BSV.

SrTiO₃ thin films are epitaxially grown on DyScO₃, LaAlO₃ substrates with/without buffer layers of DyScO₃ and SrRuO₃ using laser-MBE. X-ray diffraction methods, such as high resolution X-ray diffraction, grazing incident X-ray diffraction, and reciprocal space mapping are used to investigate the lattice structure, dislocation density, in-plane lattice strain distribution along film thickness. From the measurement results, the effects of substrate on film lattice quality and microstructure are discussed.

Two isolated pentagon rule satisfying isomers of C₇₆ are optimized. And 1(D₂ isomer is reconfirmed to be the relative more stable one. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra are theoretically characterized by the hybrid density functional theory (DFT) method in combination with the full core-hole potentials. Isomer identification of XANES spectra for C₇₆ is found and XANES spectra dependence on local structure of fullerene is discussed.

The sulfur species existing in different size aerosol particles were determined based on the `white line' energy shift and the features of post edge structure of sulfur K-edge XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure). The results indicated that sulfates were dominant sulfur species in aerosol particles. However, small amount of reductive sulfur species were also found in the ultrafine aerosol particles(<0.1 μm). Sulfates in aerosols mostly exhibited as (NH₄)₂SO₄ and gypsum. Most (NH₄)₂SO₄ distributed in aerosol particles finer than 0.952 μm, while gypsum was the dominant sulfate in coarse aerosols.

X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) is applied to inspect internal structures of weakly absorbing low-Z sample. How to extract phase information from raw images measured in different positions of rocking curve is the key problem of DEI. In this paper, we present an effective extraction method called polynomial curve fitting method, in order to extract accurate information angular in a fast speed. It is compared with the existing methods such as multiple-images statistical method and Gaussian curve fitting method. The experiments results on a plastic cylinder and a black ant at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility prove that the polynomial curve fitting method can obtain most approximate refraction-angle values and its computation speed is 10 times faster than the Gaussian curve fitting method.

Tomosynthesis is a three-dimension reconstruction method that can remove the effect of superimposition with limited angle projections. It is especially promising in mammography where radiation dose is concerned. In this paper, we propose a maximum likelihood tomosynthesis reconstruction algorithm (ML-TS) on the apparent absorption data of diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI). The motivation of this contribution is to develop a tomosynthesis algorithm in low-dose or noisy circumstances and make DEI get closer to clinic application. The theoretical statistical models of DEI data in physics are analyzed and the proposed algorithm is validated with the experimental data at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). The results of ML-TS have better contrast compared with the well known `shift-and-add' algorithm and FBP algorithm.

Neovascularization is correlative with many processes of diseases, especially for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. What is more, these tumor microvessels are totally different from normal vessels in morphology. Therefore, observation of the morphologic distribution of microvessels is one of the key points for many researchers in the field. Using diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI), we observed the mirocvessles with diameter of about 40 μm in mouse liver. Moreover, the refraction image obtained from DEI shows higher image contrast and exhibits potential use for medical applications.

The synchrotron radiation angle-resolved photoemission data of K₃C₆₀ single crystal film are analyzed, aiming at the photoionization cross-sections of the LUMO, HOMO and HOMO-1 bands in low photon energy region (14.5—27.5 eV). Many fine structures of the HOMO/HOMO-1 intensity ratios are observed, which support the general validity of a quantum chemistry model. However, the experimental data and the theoretical results have some disagreement in the energy positions and magnitudes of the fine structures, and the disagreement is more outstanding than the case of pure C₆₀. So the photoemission data of K₃C₆₀ afford valuable experimental reference to further theoretical developments. The LUMO cross-section data, which cannot be discussed with the quantum chemistry description due to strong solid state effects, are also reported for further studies.

We have measured the synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectra of monolayer C₆₀ on Ag(100). By calculating the intensity ratios between the LUMO bands and the two deeper bands (HOMO and HOMO-1), we estimate the amount of the charges transferred from Ag(100) to C₆₀ within the range of 1 e to 1.8 e. The results dismay the expectation of surface superconductivity and afford a good reference for further studies of the monolayer C₆₀/Ag(100) system.

The characteristics of daytime and nighttime suburbs PM_2.5 in Shanghai were analyzed by synchrotron based X-ray fluorescence during the period of October, 2006 and November, 2007. The mass concentrations of nighttime PM_2.5 was approximately two times that of daytime PM_2.5. Some elements, such as Zn, Cu, Mn, Cl were found enriched at night. The local sources might have significant contribution to the nighttime PM_2.5 pollutions.

The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The PIXE results show that the sulfur concentrations in the leaves collected at the polluted site are significantly higher than those in controls. The Sulfur XANES spectra show the presence of organic (disulfides, thiols, thioethers, sulfonates and sulfoxides) and inorganic sulfur (sulfates) in the leaves. The inorganic sulfur in the leaves of camphor tree polluted by coal combustion is 15% more than that of the control site. The results suggest that the long-term coal-burning pollution resulted in an enhanced content of the total sulfur and sulfate in the leaves, and the uptake of sulfur by leaves had exceeded the metabolic requirement of plants and the excess of sulfur was stored as SO₄^2－. It can monitor the sulfur pollution in atmosphere.

The spectra of RE-doped YPO₄ (RE=Ce³⁺, Pr³⁺ or Nd³⁺) have been measured. The spectroscopic and decay kinetics properties of pure host YPO₄ were also studied at 8 K and 300 K, which indicated the host had taken part in the luminescent processes of activators. Under the excitation over the bandgap of the host, the electron could relax to the activators. Through the comparison of spectra and decay time, Nd³⁺ doped YPO₄ had better scinillation properties than Ce³⁺ or Pr³⁺ inYPO₄.

The in-situ high-pressure structures of wulfenite have been investigated by means of angular dispersive X-ray diffraction with diamond anvil cell and synchrotron radiation. In the pressure up to 22.9 GPa, a pressure-induced scheelite-to-fergusonite transition is observed at about 10.6 GPa. The pressure dependence for the lattice parameters of wulfenite is reported, and the axial compression coefficients Ka₀=－1.36×10^－3 GPa^－1 and Kc₀= －2.78×10^－3 GPa^－1 are given. The room-temperature isothermal bulk modulus is also obtained by fitting the P-V data using the Murnaghan equation of state.

The compression behavior of the heavy RE-based BMG Gd₄₀Y₁₆Al₂₄Co₂₀ under high pressure has been investigated by in situ high pressure angle dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements using synchrotron radiation in the pressure range of 0~33.42 GPa at room temperature. By fitting the static equation of state at room temperature, we find the value of bulk modulus B is 61.27±4 GPa which is in good agreement with the experimental study by pulse-echo techniques of 58 GPa. The results show that the amorphous structure in the heavy RE-based BMG Gd₄₀Y₁₆Al₂₄Co₂₀ keeps quite stable up to 33.42 GPa although its compressibility is as large as about 33%. The coexistence of normal local structure similar to that of other BMGs and covalent bond structure similar to those of oxide glasses may be the reason for the anomalous property under high pressure of the Gd₄₀Y₁₆Al₂₄Co₂₀ BMG.