Chinese Physics C

Highlights

NLO QCD sum rules analysis of 1^{− +} tetraquark states
Wei-Yang Lai, Hong-Ying Jin

2026, 50(6): 063105. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae4baa

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We have performed a next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD sum rules analysis of the $1^{-+}$ light tetraquark states. By investigating various compact and molecular tetraquark currents, we extracted the mass spectra of the corresponding states, all of which lie above $1.7\,\text{GeV}$. We have identified multiple $1^{-+}$ states around $2.0\,\text{GeV}$ matching well with $\pi_{1}(2015)$, confirming that $\pi_{1}(2015)$ is an excellent tetraquark candidate. By contrast, our calculations exclude the possibility that the $\pi_{1}(1400)$ is a tetraquark or hybrid–tetraquark mixture. This result suggests that it may not exist, which is consistent with recent experimental results.
Negative potential-induced scalarization in the Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg black hole
Hong Guo, Miok Park, Yun Soo Myung

2026, 50(6): 065102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae457c

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We investigate a negative potential-induced scalarization of the Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg (EEH) black hole in the EEH-scalar theory, characterized by mass M, Euler-Heisenberg parameter μ, and magnetic charge q. In the regime $ \mu>\mu_{{\rm{max}}} = 0.019 $ (with $ M=1/2 $), the black hole admits a single horizon and allows for overcharged configurations with $ q/M \gt 1 $. We obtain a single branch of scalarized EEH (sEEH) black holes for $ q>0 $, which is considered as the simplest model for scalarization of EEH black holes. We find that this class of hairy black holes is not thermodynamically favored, and their quasinormal modes indicate that they are dynamically unstable. A notable feature is that the scalar charge depends weakly on q for $ q<1/2 $ but grows more rapidly for $ q>1/2 $, suggesting a transition from primary- to secondary-type scalar charge. This finding reveals characteristic properties of hairy black holes in EEH theory, specifically in the overcharging regime.
Multinucleon transfer products in ⁴⁸Ca, ⁵⁴Cr+²⁴³Am and ⁵⁴Cr+²³⁸U reactions
G. Xie, Z. Y. Zhang, J. G. Wang, L. Ma, M. H. Huang, C. L. Yang, X. L. Wu, Z. G. Gan, H. B. Yang, M. M. Zhang, Y. L. Tian, Y. S. Wang, J. Y. Wang, Y. H. Qiang, L. Zhu, X. Y. Huang, S. Y. Xu, Z. Zhao, Z. C. Li, X. Zhang, H. Zhou, J. H. Zheng, L. C. Sun, F. Guan, W. X. Huang, Z. Qin, Y. Wang, X. J. Yin, Y. F. Cui, Y. He, L. T. Sun, Z. Z. Ren, S. G. Zhou, V. K. Utyonkov, A. A. Voinov, Yu. S. Tsyganov, A. N. Polyakov, D. I. Solovyev, D. Ibadullayev, M. V. Shumeiko

2026, 50(6): 064001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae4bab

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Experiments with ⁴⁸Ca and ⁵⁴Cr induced reactions were performed at the gas-filled recoil separator named Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure-2 (SHANS2) of the China Accelerator Facility for superheavy Elements (CAFE2). The isotopic distributions of nuclei produced in the reactions of ⁴⁸Ca+²⁴³Am, ⁵⁴Cr+²⁴³Am, and ⁵⁴Cr+²³⁸U were investigated. Bombardments were conducted at energies near the respective Coulomb barriers, with the SHANS2 magnetic rigidities set to collect fusion-evaporation residues. α-decay spectroscopy was employed to identify products, revealing 58 different isotopes in these experiments. The analysis indicates that the distribution of nuclides produced in different reactions exhibits clear systematic trends. Based on their mass distributions, these nuclei were attributed to the products from the quasi-fission (QF) process. Additionally, several short-lived fission events were identified and attributed to the fission isomers near the target.

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Mapping proton drip-line with measured nuclear masses and half-lives
Min Liu, Zhang-Ya Wang, Yu-jiao Qin, Ning Wang

Published: 2026-05-31, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae6633

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Published: 2026-05-31, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae6633

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Semileptonic $B^{-}\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\ell^{-}\bar\nu_\ell$ decay over the full $\pi\pi$ invariant mass spectrum
Yan-Li Wang, Xiao-Yu Hao, Yu-Kuo Hsiao

Published: 2026-05-31, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae68ee

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Published: 2026-05-31, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae68ee

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Mean first passage time and the Kramers escape rate of phase transitions for the Bardeen-AdS-class black hole
Chen Ma, Bin Wu, Zhen-Ming Xu

Published: 2026-05-31, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae66d3

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Published: 2026-05-31, doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae66d3

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Neutrino tomography with a three-dimensional model of Earth's density
Jiayi Wei, Junhui Xing, Sujie Lin, Xiurong Li, Jiwei Tian

2026, 50(7): 073104-073104-9. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae5c85

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Neutrino Earth tomography provides an observational approach to studying the Earth's deep three-dimensional structure that is distinct from seismology. However, most existing studies still rely on one-dimensional density models and therefore cannot adequately represent lateral heterogeneity within the Earth. To address this issue, this study integrates PREM, CRUST1.0, and HMSL-S06 on a tesseroid grid to construct a non-spherically symmetric three-dimensional Earth density model that includes large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs) in the deep mantle. We also develop a corresponding procedure for extracting neutrino propagation trajectories and derive closed-form expressions for the total mass and axial moment of inertia of the discrete model, which are used as global consistency checks. Within an exact three-flavor oscillation framework, we use public Super-Kamiokande data products to compare the event counts predicted by the three-dimensional model with those from a conventional one-dimensional spherically symmetric model. The results show that, under the present calculation scheme, the differences in the overall event count distributions between the three-dimensional model and the one-dimensional reference model remain limited. This study establishes a three-dimensional calculation framework that can provide a methodological basis for future investigations of how lateral density heterogeneity may affect atmospheric neutrino propagation.

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Searching the possibility of a₀(1450) scalar state being a qq state structure via charmed meson semileptonic decays
Ya-Lin Song, Yin-Long Yang, Ye Cao, Xue Zheng, Hai-Bing Fu

2026, 50(7): 073103-073103-13. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae5ef7

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The internal structure of the light scalar state $ a_0(1450) $ has not been definitively determined; it may comprise multiple possible configurations. Among these, it may be regarded as a $ q\bar{q} $ state. Based on this possibility, we use QCD light-cone sum rules to study the semileptonic decay process $ D \to a_0(1450)\ell \nu_\ell $ with $ \ell=(e, \mu) $ and to test this hypothesis. First, we construct two twist-2 light-cone distribution-amplitude schemes based on the light-cone harmonic-oscillator model, and present their moments $ \langle\xi^{n}\rangle |_{\mu} $ and Gegenbauer moments $ a_{n}(\mu) $ at $ \mu_0=1\; {\rm{GeV}} $ and $ \mu_k= 1.4\; {\rm{GeV}} $ for $ n=(1,3,5) $. In the large-recoil region, we obtain the transition form factors (TFFs): $ f_+^{({\rm{S}}1)}(0) = $$ 0.836_{-0.119}^{+0.116} $, $ f_+^{({\rm{S}}2)}(0)=0.767_{-0.105}^{+0.106} $, and $ f_-(0)=0.630_{-0.077}^{+0.078} $. A simplified series expansion $ z(q^2, t) $ is used to extrapolate the TFFs to the entire physical $ q^2 $ region. For $ q^2=10^{-5} \; {\rm{GeV}}^2 $, we compute the angular distribution of the differential decay width ${{\rm d}\Gamma}/{{\rm d}\cos\theta_\ell }$ over the range $ \cos\theta_\ell \in [-1,1] $. Subsequently, we obtain the differential decay widths and branching fractions for $ D^0 \to a_0(1450)^- \ell^+ \nu_\ell $ and $ D^- \to a_0(1450)^0 \ell^- \bar{\nu}_\ell $, with branching fractions of order $ 10^{-6} $. Finally, we analyze three angular observables for the semileptonic decay process $ D^- \to a_0(1450)^0 \ell^- \bar{\nu}_\ell $: the forward–backward asymmetry $ {\cal{A}}_{\rm{FB}} $, the lepton polarization asymmetry $ {\cal{A}}_{\lambda_\ell} $, and the $ q^2 $-differential flat term $ {\cal{F}}_{\rm{H}} $.

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The atomic nucleus as a bound system of 3A quarks
B. P. Kosyakov, E. Yu. Popov, M. A. Vronski

2026, 50(7): 074105-074105-16. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/ae5ef6

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The atomic nucleus, viewed as a system of bound quarks, should, in principle, be described within an effective theory of low-energy quantum chromodynamics. This paper provides an overview of recently developed models that embody essential features of the desired effective theory. The Fermi gas model helps explain why the number of d quarks is approximately equal to that of u quarks in stable light nuclei up to $ {}^{40}_{20}{\rm Ca} $. A modified bag model accounts for the deviation from this rule in heavier nuclei. With this model, the static properties of a wide range of stable nuclei can be described with reasonable accuracy. To make the most of the modified bag model, it is useful to invoke gauge/gravity duality. A refined version of duality states: "The dynamics inside an extremal black hole in $ {{\rm{AdS}}}_5 $ is mapped onto the corresponding dynamics of a stable subnuclear system in $ {\mathbb R}_{1,3} $". This version of duality allows one to predict the primary decay channel of the lightest glueball. Another implication is that this framework explains why the periodic table contains a finite number of stable elements. Duality makes it possible to calculate the maximum allowed charge $ Z_{{\rm{max}}} $ of stable heavy nuclei: $ Z_{{\rm{max}}}\approx 82 $, which is the charge of the $ {}^{208}_{\phantom{2}82}{\rm Pb} $ nucleus.

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Current Issued

2026 Vol. 50, No. 6
Published: 01 June 2026

Particles And Fields
Nuclear Physics
Particle And Nuclear Astrophysics And Cosmology