Chinese Physics C

2023-5 Contents

2023, 47(5): 1-2.

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Abstract:

Production of ${\boldsymbol X_{{\boldsymbol{ cs}}\bar{\boldsymbol c}\bar{\boldsymbol s}} }$ in heavy ion collisions

Yuanyuan Hu, Hui Zhang

2023, 47(5): 051001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acc3f4

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Abstract:
The yields of

\begin{document}$ X_{cs\bar{c}\bar{s}} $\end{document}

with its two possible configurations, i.e., the hadronic molecular state and tetraquark state, for Pb-Pb collisions at

\begin{document}$ \sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02\;{\rm{TeV}} $\end{document}

is studied. A volume effect is found from the centrality distribution of

\begin{document}$ X_{cs\bar{c}\bar{s}} $\end{document}

, which could help to distinguish the inner structure of

\begin{document}$ X_{cs\bar{c}\bar{s}} $\end{document}

. We also show the rapidity and the transverse momentum distributions of

\begin{document}$ X_{cs\bar{c}\bar{s}} $\end{document}

production as well as its elliptic flow coefficient as a function of the transverse momentum.

Regular black holes with improved energy conditions and their analogues in fluids

Chen Lan, Yan-Gang Miao, Yi-Xiong Zang

2023, 47(5): 052001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acc1cd

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Abstract:
On the premise of the importance of energy conditions for regular black holes, we propose a method to remedy those models that break the dominant energy condition, e.g., the Bardeen and Hayward black holes. We modify the metrics but ensure their regularity at the same time, so that the weak, null, and dominant energy conditions are satisfied, with the exception of the strong energy condition. Likewise, we prove a no-go theorem for conformally related regular black holes, which states that the four energy conditions can never be met in this class of black holes. In order to seek evidences for distinguishing regular black holes from singular black holes, we resort to analogue gravity and regard it as a tool to mimic realistic regular black holes in a fluid. The equations of state for the fluid are solved via an asymptotic analysis associated with a numerical method, which provides a modus operandi for experimental observations, in particular, the conditions under which one can simulate realistic regular black holes in the fluid.

Production and decay of polarized hyperon-antihyperon pairs

Karin Schönning, Varvara Batozskaya, Patrik Adlarson, Xiaorong Zhou

2023, 47(5): 052002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acc790

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Abstract:
Polarized hyperon-antihyperon pairs shed light on various unresolved puzzles in contemporary physics: How the strong interaction confines quarks into hadrons, how accurately the Standard Model describes microcosmos and even why our universe consists of so much more matter than antimatter. Thanks to their weak, parity violating decays, hyperons reveal their spin properties. This can be exploited e.g. the decomposition of the electromagnetic structure of hyperons, precision tests of flavour symmetry and searches for CP violation. At the BESIII experiment at BEPC-II, Beijing, China, hyperon-antihyperon pairs can be produced in abundance. Recently collected large data samples have triggered the development of new methods that provide unprecedented precision and a plethora of new results have emerged. When applied at future high-intensity facilities like PANDA and STCF, precision physics will be taken to a new level which can contribute to the solution to the aforementioned puzzles.

Study of parity violation in $ {\boldsymbol{\Lambda_c^+} \boldsymbol{\to\phi p}} $ and $ {\boldsymbol{\Lambda_c^+} \boldsymbol{\to \omega p}} $ decays

Peng-Cheng Hong, Fang Yan, Rong-Gang Ping, Tao Luo

2023, 47(5): 053101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acb7ce

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Abstract:
CP violation in baryonic decays has not been significantly observed. With large data events accumulated at

\begin{document}$ {e^+e^-} $\end{document}

colliders or the Large Hadron Collider, charmed baryon decays would provide a promising laboratory to test CP symmetry. In this study, we formulate

\begin{document}$ {{\Lambda_c^+}}\to\phi p $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ {{\Lambda_c^+}}\to\omega p $\end{document}

decays for the measurement of their asymmetry parameters in weak decays at the BESIII or LHCb experiments. The polarization transfer is analyzed in the two processes of

\begin{document}$ {e^+e^-}\to\Lambda_c^+\bar\Lambda_c^- $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ \Lambda_b^0\to \Lambda^+_c\pi^- $\end{document}

, and the formulas for the joint angular distribution of these processes are provided. The sensitivity of the measurement of the asymmetry parameters of the above two decay processes is estimated for future experiments.

Investigation of Z-boson decay into $ {\boldsymbol\Xi_{\boldsymbol bc}} $ and ${ \boldsymbol\Xi_{\boldsymbol bb}} $ baryons within the NRQCD factorization approach

Xuan Luo, Hai-Bing Fu, Hai-Jiang Tian

2023, 47(5): 053102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acbc0e

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Abstract:
Z-boson decay provides a good opportunity to search for the

\begin{document}$ \Xi_{bQ} $\end{document}

baryon because a large number of its events can be collected at high energy colliders. In this paper, we perform a complete investigation of the indirect production of the

\begin{document}$ \Xi_{bc} $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ \Xi_{bb} $\end{document}

baryons via the Z-boson decay process

\begin{document}$ Z\to \Xi_{bQ}+\bar b +\bar Q $\end{document}

with a

\begin{document}$ Q= (c,b) $\end{document}

quark under the NRQCD factorization approach. After considering the contribution from the diquark states

\begin{document}$ \langle bc\rangle[^3S_1]_{\bar 3/6} $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ \langle bc\rangle[^1S_0]_{\bar 3/6} $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ \langle bb\rangle [^1S_0]_6 $\end{document}

, and

\begin{document}$ \langle bb\rangle[^3S_1]_{\bar 3} $\end{document}

, the calculated branching fractions are

\begin{document}$ {\cal B}(Z\to\Xi_{bc}+X) = 3.595\times 10^{-5} $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ {\cal B}(Z\to\Xi_{bb}+X) = 1.213\times 10^{-6} $\end{document}

. Furthermore, the

\begin{document}$ \Xi_{bc} $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ \Xi_{bb} $\end{document}

production events are predicted to be of the order of

\begin{document}$ 10^4 $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ 10^3 $\end{document}

at the LHC collider, and the order of

\begin{document}$ 10^7 $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ 10^6 $\end{document}

for the CEPC collider. We then estimate the production ratio for

\begin{document}$ Z\to c\bar c(b\bar b)\to\Xi^{+,0}_{bc}+X $\end{document}

with

\begin{document}$ \Xi^{+,0}_{bc} \to \Lambda^+_c $\end{document}

in Z-boson decay, that is,

\begin{document}$ {\cal R}(Z\to c\bar c\to\Xi^{+,0}_{bc}+X) \sim {\cal O}(10^{-6}) $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ {\cal R}(Z\to b\bar b\to\Xi^{+,0}_{bc}+X) \sim {\cal O}(10^{-5}) $\end{document}

, respectively. Finally, we present the differential decay widths of

\begin{document}$ \Xi_{bc} $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ \Xi_{bb} $\end{document}

with respect to

\begin{document}$ s_{23} $\end{document}

and z distributions and analyze the uncertainties.

Nonextensive effects on QCD chiral phase diagram and baryon-number fluctuations within Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

Ya-Peng Zhao, Chao-Yong Wang, Shu-Yu Zuo, Cheng-Ming Li

2023, 47(5): 053103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acbf2a

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Abstract:
In this paper, a version of the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model based on nonextensive statistical mechanics is presented. This new statistics summarizes all possible factors that violate the assumptions of the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistics to a dimensionless nonextensivity parameter q. Thus, when q tends to 1, it returns to the BG case. Within the nonextensive PNJL model, we found that as q increases, the location of the critical end point (CEP) exhibits non-monotonic behavior. That is, for

\begin{document}$ q<1.15 $\end{document}

, CEP moves in the direction of lower temperature and larger quark chemical potential. However, for

\begin{document}$ q>1.15 $\end{document}

, CEP turns to move in the direction of lower temperature and lower quark chemical potential. In addition, we studied the moments of the net-baryon number distribution, that is, variance (

\begin{document}$ \sigma^{2} $\end{document}

), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ). Our results are generally consistent with the latest experimental data reported, especially for

\begin{document}$ \sqrt{S_{NN}}>19.6\ \mathrm{GeV} $\end{document}

, when q is set to

\begin{document}$ 1.07 $\end{document}

.

Revisiting D-meson twist-2, 3 distribution amplitudes

Tao Zhong, Dong Huang, Hai-Bing Fu

2023, 47(5): 053104. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acc1cb

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Owing to the significant difference between the experimental measurements and the theoretical predictions of the standard model (SM) for the value of

\begin{document}$ {\cal{R}}(D) $\end{document}

of the semileptonic decay

\begin{document}$ B\to D\ell\bar{\nu}_{\ell} $\end{document}

, researchers speculate that this decay may be evidence of new physics beyond the SM. Usually, the D-meson twist-2, 3 distribution amplitudes (DAs)

\begin{document}$ \phi_{2;D}(x,\mu) $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ \phi_{3;D}^p(x,\mu) $\end{document}

, and

\begin{document}$ \phi_{3;D}^\sigma(x,\mu) $\end{document}

are the main error sources when perturbative QCD factorization and light-cone QCD sum rules are used to study

\begin{document}$ B\to D\ell\bar{\nu}_{\ell} $\end{document}

. Therefore, it is important to obtain more reasonable and accurate behaviors for these DAs. Motivated by our previous work [Phys. Rev. D 104, no.1, 016021 (2021)] on pionic leading-twist DA, we revisit D-meson twist-2, 3 DAs

\begin{document}$ \phi_{2;D}(x,\mu) $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ \phi_{3;D}^p(x,\mu) $\end{document}

, and

\begin{document}$ \phi_{3;D}^\sigma(x,\mu) $\end{document}

. New sum rule formulae for the

\begin{document}$\xi $\end{document}

-moments of these three DAs are suggested for obtaining more accurate values. The light-cone harmonic oscillator models for the DAs are improved, and their parameters are determined by fitting the values of ξ-moments via the least squares method.

D-wave excited ${\boldsymbol{ cs}\bar{\boldsymbol c}\bar{\boldsymbol s}} $ tetraquark states with ${ \boldsymbol{J^{PC}}=\bf 1^{\bf ++}} $ and ${\bf 1^{\bf +-}} $

Zi-Yan Yang, Wei Chen

2023, 47(5): 053105. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acbf2c

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Abstract:
We study the mass spectra of D-wave excited

\begin{document}$ cs\bar{c}\bar{s} $\end{document}

tetraquark states with

\begin{document}$ J^{PC}=1^{++} $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ 1^{+-} $\end{document}

in both symmetric

\begin{document}$ \mathbf{6}_{cs}\otimes\bar{\mathbf{6}}_{\bar{c}\bar{s}} $\end{document}

and antisymmetric

\begin{document}$ \bar{\mathbf{3}}_{cs}\otimes\mathbf{3}_{\bar{c}\bar{s}} $\end{document}

color configurations using the QCD sum rule method. We construct the D-wave diquark-antidiquark type of

\begin{document}$ cs\bar{c}\bar{s} $\end{document}

tetraquark interpolating currents in various excitation structures with

\begin{document}$(L_\lambda,L_\rho\{l_{\rho_1},l_{\rho_2}\})=(2,0\{0,0\}),\,(1,1\{1,0\}),\,(1,1\{0,1\}),\,(0,2\{1,1\}),\,(0,2\{2,0\}),\,(0,2\{0,2\})$\end{document}

. Our results support the interpretation of the recently observed

\begin{document}$ X(4685) $\end{document}

resonance as a D-wave

\begin{document}$ cs\bar{c}\bar{s} $\end{document}

tetraquark state with

\begin{document}$ J^{PC}=1^{++} $\end{document}

in the

\begin{document}$ (2,0\{0,0\}) $\end{document}

or

\begin{document}$ (0,2\{2,0\}) $\end{document}

excitation mode, although some other possible excitation structures cannot be excluded exhaustively within theoretical errors. Moreover, our results provide the mass relations

\begin{document}$ 6_{\rho\rho}<3_{\lambda\lambda}<3_{\lambda\rho}<3_{\rho\rho} $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ 6_{\rho\rho}<3_{\lambda\lambda}<6_{\lambda\lambda}< 3_{\rho\rho} $\end{document}

for the positive and negative

\begin{document}$ \mathbb{C} $\end{document}

-parity D-wave

\begin{document}$ cs\bar{c}\bar{s} $\end{document}

tetraquarks, respectively. We suggest searching for these possible D-wave

\begin{document}$ cs\bar{c}\bar{s} $\end{document}

tetraquarks in both the hidden-charm channels

\begin{document}$ J/\psi\phi $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ \eta_c\phi $\end{document}

, as well as open-charm channels such as

\begin{document}$ D_s\bar{D}_s^* $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ D_{s}\bar{D}_{s1}^* $\end{document}

.

One-loop formulas for H → Zν_lν_l for l = e, µ, τ in 't Hooft-Veltman gauge

Dzung Tri Tran, Khiem Hong Phan

2023, 47(5): 053106. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acc1cf

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In this paper, we present analytical results for one-loop contributions to the decay processes

\begin{document}$ H\rightarrow Z \nu_l\bar{\nu}_l $\end{document}

(for

\begin{document}$ l = e, \mu, \tau $\end{document}

). The calculations are performed within the Standard Model framework in the 't Hooft-Veltman gauge. One-loop form factors are then written in terms of scalar one-loop functions in the standard notations of

\begin{document}$ {\tt LoopTools}$\end{document}

. As a result, one-loop decay rates for the decay channels can be evaluated numerically by using the package. Furthermore, we analyze the signals of

\begin{document}$ H\rightarrow Z \nu_l\bar{\nu}_l $\end{document}

via the production processes

\begin{document}$ e^-e^+ \rightarrow ZH^* \rightarrow Z (H^* \rightarrow Z \nu_l\bar{\nu}_l) $\end{document}

, including the initial beam polarizations at future lepton colliders. The Standard Model backgrounds, such as the processes

\begin{document}$ e^-e^+ \rightarrow \nu_l\bar{\nu}_l ZZ $\end{document}

, are also examined in this study. Numerical results indicate that one-loop corrections make contributions of approximately 10% to the decay rates. These are sizeable contributions and should be taken into account at future colliders. We show that the signals

\begin{document}$ H\rightarrow Z\nu_l\bar{\nu}_l $\end{document}

are clearly visible at the center-of-mass energy

\begin{document}$ \sqrt{s}=250 $\end{document}

GeV and are difficult to probe in higher-energy regions owing to the dominant backgrounds.

Production of $ {\boldsymbol{d}_{\boldsymbol{N\Omega}}} $ dibaryon in kaon induced reactions

Jing Liu, Qi-Fang Lü, Chun-Hua Liu, Dian-Yong Chen, Yu-Bing Dong

2023, 47(5): 053107. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acc44c

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In this paper, we propose to investigate the

\begin{document}$ d_{N\Omega} $\end{document}

dibaryon production in the

\begin{document}$ K^- p \rightarrow d_{N\Omega} \bar{\Xi}^0 $\end{document}

process by utilizing a kaon beam with a typical momentum of approximately 10 GeV, which may be available at COMPASS, OKA@U-70, and SPS@CERN. The cross sections for

\begin{document}$ K^- p \rightarrow d_{N\Omega} \bar{\Xi}^0 $\end{document}

are estimated, and in particular, the magnitude of the cross sections is evaluated to be several hundred nanobarns at

\begin{document}$ P_K=20 $\end{document}

GeV. Considering that the

\begin{document}$ d_{N\Omega} $\end{document}

dibaryon dominantly decays into

\begin{document}$ \Xi \Lambda $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ \Xi \Sigma $\end{document}

, we also estimate the cross sections for

\begin{document}$ K^- p \to \Xi^0 \Lambda \bar{\Xi}^0 $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ K^- p \to $\end{document}

\begin{document}$ \Xi^- \Sigma^+ \bar{\Xi}^0 $\end{document}

, where the

\begin{document}$ d_{N\Omega} $\end{document}

dibaryon can be observed in the invariant mass distributions of

\begin{document}$ \Xi^0 \Lambda $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ \Xi^- \Sigma^+ $\end{document}

, respectively.

Photo-production of lowest ${\boldsymbol\Sigma^{*}_{\bf 1/2^-}}$ state within the Regge-effective Lagrangian approach

Yun-He Lyu, Han Zhang, Neng-Chang Wei, Bai-Cian Ke, En Wang, Ju-Jun Xie

2023, 47(5): 053108. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acc4ab

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Because the lowest

\begin{document}$ \Sigma^{*} $\end{document}

state with quantum numbers spin-parity

\begin{document}$ J^{P} =1/2^{-} $\end{document}

is far from being established experimentally and theoretically, we perform a theoretical study on the

\begin{document}$ \Sigma^*_{1/2^-} $\end{document}

photo-production within the Regge-effective Lagrangian approach. Considering that

\begin{document}$ \Sigma^*_{1/2^-} $\end{document}

couples to the

\begin{document}$ \bar{K}N $\end{document}

channel, we study the contributions from the t-channel K exchange diagram. Moreover, the contributions from the t-channel

\begin{document}$ K^* $\end{document}

exchange, s-channel nucleon pole, u-channel Σ exchange, and contact term are considered. The differential and total cross sections of the process

\begin{document}$ \gamma n \to K^{+}\Sigma^{*-}_{1/2^-} $\end{document}

are predicted with our model parameters. The results should help in experimentally searching for the

\begin{document}$ \Sigma^*_{1/2^-} $\end{document}

state in the future.

Reaction ⁵⁵Mn + ¹⁵⁹Tb : preparation for the synthesis of new elements

Lixin Chen, Suyang Xu, Zhiyuan Zhang, Jianguo Wang, Minghui Huang, Mingming Zhang, Long Ma, Huabin Yang, Chunli Yang, Xiaolei Wu, Houbing Zhou, Zhen Zhao, Xinyuan Huang, Hao Zhou, Xu Zhang, Luchong Sun, Zongchi Li, Zaiguo Gan

2023, 47(5): 054001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acb9e2

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Abstract:
The complete fusion reaction of

\begin{document}$^{55}$\end{document}

Mn +

\begin{document}$^{159}$\end{document}

Tb was studied on the gas-filled recoil separator SHANS2. Nineteen ER - α

\begin{document}$_{1}$\end{document}

- α

\begin{document}$_{2}$\end{document}

decay chains from

\begin{document}$^{210}$\end{document}

Th produced from the 4n evaporation channel were observed. The α-particle energy and half-life of

\begin{document}$^{210}$\end{document}

Th were determined as 7922(14) keV and 14(4) ms, respectively. In addition, the decay properties of

\begin{document}$E_{\alpha}$\end{document}

= 7788(14) keV and

\begin{document}$T_{1/2}$\end{document}

= 36

\begin{document}$^{+15}_{-8}$\end{document}

ms were obtained for

\begin{document}$^{211}$\end{document}

Th. The measured α decay properties of

\begin{document}$^{210}$\end{document}

Th and

\begin{document}$^{211}$\end{document}

Th were consistent with literature data. The cross sections were measured to be 0.59

\begin{document}$^{+0.25}_{-0.23}$\end{document}

nb and 0.19

\begin{document}$^{+0.12}_{-0.09}$\end{document}

nb for

\begin{document}$^{210}$\end{document}

Th and

\begin{document}$^{211}$\end{document}

Th, respectively. The equilibrium charge state of the recoiled nucleus

\begin{document}$^{210}$\end{document}

Th was determined experimentally. The new data were helpful for estimating the equilibrium charge states of elements 119 and 120, which could be produced via the

\begin{document}$^{240}$\end{document}

Pu(

\begin{document}$^{55}$\end{document}

Mn, 3n)

\begin{document}$^{292}$\end{document}

119 and

\begin{document}$^{243}$\end{document}

Am(

\begin{document}$^{55}$\end{document}

Mn, 3n)

\begin{document}$^{295}$\end{document}

120 reactions, respectively.

Determining the nuclear temperature dependence on source neutron-proton asymmetry in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energy

Guofeng Qu, Yu Huang, Hua Zheng, Xingquan Liu, R. Wada, Weiping Lin, Meirong Huang, Jifeng Han, Peipei Ren, Zhenlei Yang, Xin Zhang, Qiangzhong Leng

2023, 47(5): 054002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acbd91

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Abstract:
In this article, we investigate the dependence of nuclear temperature on emitting source neutron-proton (

\begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document}

) asymmetry with light charged particles (LCPs) and intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) generated from intermediate-velocity sources in thirteen reaction systems with different

\begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document}

asymmetries,

\begin{document}$ ^{64} \rm{Zn} $\end{document}

on

\begin{document}$ ^{112} \rm{Sn} $\end{document}

, and

\begin{document}$ ^{70} \rm{Zn} $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ ^{64} \rm{Ni} $\end{document}

on

\begin{document}$ ^{112,124} \rm{Sn} $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ ^{58,64} \rm{Ni} $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ ^{197} \rm{Au} $\end{document}

, and

\begin{document}$ ^{232} \rm{Th} $\end{document}

at 40 MeV/nucleon. The apparent temperature values of LCPs and IMFs from different systems are deduced from the measured yields using two helium-related and eight carbon-related double isotope ratio thermometers, respectively. Then, the sequential decay effect on the experimental apparent temperature deduction with the double isotope ratio thermometers is quantitatively corrected explicitly with the aid of the quantum statistical model. The present treatment is an improvement compared to our previous studies in which an indirect method was adopted to qualitatively consider the sequential decay effect. A negligible

\begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document}

asymmetry dependence of the real temperature after the correction is quantitatively addressed in heavy-ion reactions at the present intermediate energy, where a change of 0.1 units in source

\begin{document}$ N/Z $\end{document}

asymmetry corresponds to an absolute change in temperature of an order of 0.03 to 0.29 MeV on average for LCPs and IMFs. This conclusion is in close agreement with that inferred qualitatively via the indirect method in our previous studies.

Open quantum system approach for heavy quark thermalization

Zhuoxuan Xie, Baoyi Chen

2023, 47(5): 054101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acbc0f

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Abstract:
We treat heavy quark as an open quantum system in a hot medium and rederive the stochastic Schrödinger equation (SSE) from the full Schrödinger equation for both heavy quarks and the medium. We apply the SSE to the dynamical evolutions of a heavy quark (as a system) in the static hot medium (as an environment). Heavy quarks interact with the medium via random scatterings, which exchange the momentum and phase factor randomly between two wave functions of the system and the environment. The exchange of momentum and phase factor results in the transition between different eigenstates of the system. These are included via an external stochastic potential in the Hamiltonian of SSE. Stochastic wave functions of a heavy quark are evolved with the stochastic external potential. The mean wave functions and corresponding momentum distributions of heavy quarks are obtained after the ensemble average over a large set of stochastic wave functions. We present the thermalization of heavy quarks in the static medium with different coupling strengths.

Z⁰ boson associated b-jet production in high-energy nuclear collisions

Sa Wang, Wei Dai, Ben-Wei Zhang, Enke Wang

2023, 47(5): 054102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/acc1ca

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The production of vector boson tagged heavy quark jets potentially provides new tools to probe the jet quenching effect. In this paper, we present the first theoretical study on the angular correlations (

\begin{document}$ \Delta\phi_{bZ} $\end{document}

), transverse momentum imbalance (

\begin{document}$ x_{bZ} $\end{document}

), and nuclear modification factor (

\begin{document}$ I_{AA} $\end{document}

) of

\begin{document}$ Z^0 $\end{document}

boson tagged b-jets in heavy-ion collisions, which was performed using a Monte Carlo transport model. We find that the medium modification of the

\begin{document}$ \Delta\phi_{bZ} $\end{document}

for