Chinese Physics C

Mass of a short-range correlated nucleon

Rong Wang, Xu-Rong Chen, Tao-Feng Wang

2021, 45(2): 021001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abccab

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Abstract:
Nucleon properties and structure should be modified by short-range correlations (SRC) among nucleons. By analyzing SRC ratio data, we extract the mass of a nucleon in an SRC pair and the expected number of pn-SRC pairs in deuterium, under the assumption that the SRC nucleon mass is universal for different nuclei. The nucleon mass of a two-nucleon SRC pair is

\begin{document}$m_{\rm{SRC}}$\end{document}

= 852 ± 18 MeV, and the number of pn-SRC pairs in deuterium is

\begin{document}$n^{d}_{\rm{SRC}}$\end{document}

=0.021 ± 0.005. The mass deficit of the strongly overlapping nucleon can be explained by the trace anomaly contribution to the mass in QCD or alternatively by the vacuum energy in the MIT bag model.

New look at Geiger-Nuttall law and α clustering of heavy nuclei

Yi-Bin Qian, Zhong-Zhou Ren

2021, 45(2): 021002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abce14

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Abstract:
The Geiger-Nuttall (GN) law of α decay is commonly explained in terms of the quantum tunneling phenomenon. In this study, we show that such an explanation is actually not enough regarding the α particle clustering. Such a conclusion is drawn after exploring the involved coefficients of the GN law based on the conventional description of α decay, namely the formation of an α cluster and its subsequent penetration. The specific roles of the two former processes, in the GN law, manifest themselves via the systematical analysis of the calculated and experimental α decay half-lives versus the decay energies across the

\begin{document}$ Z=82 $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ N=126 $\end{document}

shell closures. The α-cluster preformation probability is then found to behave in a GN-like pattern. This previously ignored point is explicitly demonstrated as the product of an interplay between the mean-field and pairing effect, which in turn reveals the structural influence on the formation of the α cluster in a simple and clear manner. In addition to providing an effective method to evaluate the amount of surface α clustering in heavy nuclei, the present conjecture supports other theoretical treatments of the α preformation probability.

X₀(2900) and its heavy quark spin partners in molecular picture

Mei-Wei Hu, Xue-Yi Lao, Pan Ling, Qian Wang

2021, 45(2): 021003. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcfaa

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Abstract:
The

\begin{document}$X_0(2900)$\end{document}

, recently observed by the LHCb Collaboration in the

\begin{document}$D^-K^+$\end{document}

invariant mass of the

\begin{document}$B^+\to D^+D^-K^+$\end{document}

process, is the first exotic candidate with four different flavors, beginning a new era for the hadron community. Under the assumption that the

\begin{document}$X_0(2900)$\end{document}

is a

\begin{document}$I(J^P)=0(0^+)$\end{document}

\begin{document}$\bar{D}^*K^*$\end{document}

hadronic molecule, we extracted the whole heavy-quark symmetry multiplet formed by the

\begin{document}$\left(\bar{D},\bar{D}^*\right)$\end{document}

doublet and the

\begin{document}$K^*$\end{document}

meson. For the bound state case, there would be two additional

\begin{document}$I(J^P)=0(1^+)$\end{document}

hadronic molecules associated with the

\begin{document}$\bar{D}K^*$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$\bar{D}^*K^*$\end{document}

channels, as well as one additional

\begin{document}$I(J^P)=0(2^+)$\end{document}

\begin{document}$\bar{D}^*K^*$\end{document}

molecule. In the light quark limit, they are

\begin{document}$36.66~{\rm{MeV}}$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$34.22~{\rm{MeV}}$\end{document}

below the

\begin{document}$\bar{D}K^*$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$\bar{D}^*K^*$\end{document}

thresholds, respectively, which are unambiguously fixed by the mass position of the

\begin{document}$X_0(2900)$\end{document}

. For the virtual state case, there would be one additional

\begin{document}$I(J^P)=0(1^+)$\end{document}

hadronic molecule, strongly coupled to the

\begin{document}$\bar{D}K^*$\end{document}

channel, and one additional

\begin{document}$I(J^P)=0(2^+)$\end{document}

\begin{document}$\bar{D}^*K^*$\end{document}

molecule. Searching for these heavy quark spin partners will help shed light on the nature of the

\begin{document}$X_0(2900)$\end{document}

.

Chiral crossover characterized by Mott transition at finite temperature

Shijun Mao

2021, 45(2): 021004. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcfad

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Abstract:
We discuss the proper definition for the chiral crossover at finite temperature, based on Goldstone's theorem. Different from the commonly used maximum change in chiral condensate, we propose defining the crossover temperature using the Mott transition of pseudo-Goldstone bosons, which, by definition, guarantees Goldstone's theorem. We analytically and numerically demonstrate this property in the frame of a Pauli-Villars regularized NJL model. In an external magnetic field, we find that the Mott transition temperature shows an inverse magnetic catalysis effect.

Dibaryons: Molecular versus compact hexaquarks

H. Clement, T. Skorodko

2021, 45(2): 022001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcd8e

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Abstract:
Hexaquarks constitute a natural extension of complex quark systems, just as tetra- and pentaquarks do. To this end, the current status of

\begin{document}$d^*(2380)$\end{document}

in both experiment and theory is reviewed. Recent high-precision measurements in the nucleon-nucleon channel and analyses thereof have established

\begin{document}$d^*(2380)$\end{document}

as an indisputable resonance in the long-sought dibaryon channel. Important features of this

\begin{document}$I(J^P) = 0(3^+)$\end{document}

state are its narrow width and deep binding relative to the

\begin{document}$\Delta(1232)\Delta(1232)$\end{document}

threshold. Its decay branchings favor theoretical calculations predicting a compact hexaquark nature of this state. We review the current status of experimental and theoretical studies on

\begin{document}$d^*(2380)$\end{document}

as well as new physics aspects it may bring in future. In addition, we review the situation at the

\begin{document}$\Delta(1232) N$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$N^*(1440)N$\end{document}

thresholds, where evidence for a number of resonances of presumably molecular nature has been found – similar to the situation in charmed and beauty sectors. Finally, we briefly discuss the situation of dibaryon searches in the flavored quark sectors.

Analysis of B_c → τν_τ at CEPC

Taifan Zheng, Ji Xu, Lu Cao, Dan Yu, Wei Wang, Soeren Prell, Yeuk-Kwan E. Cheung, Manqi Ruan

2021, 45(2): 023001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcf1f

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Abstract:
Precise determination of the

\begin{document}$B_c \to \tau\nu_\tau$\end{document}

branching ratio provides an advantageous opportunity for understanding the electroweak structure of the Standard Model, measuring the CKM matrix element

\begin{document}$|V_{cb}|$\end{document}

, and probing new physics models. In this paper, we discuss the potential of measuring the process

\begin{document}$B_c \to \tau\nu_\tau$\end{document}

with

\begin{document}$\tau$\end{document}

decaying leptonically at the proposed Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). We conclude that during the Z pole operation, the channel signal can achieve five-

\begin{document}$\sigma$\end{document}

significance with

\begin{document}$\sim 10^9$\end{document}

Z decays, and the signal strength accuracies for

\begin{document}$B_c \to \tau\nu_\tau$\end{document}

can reach around 1% level at the nominal CEPC Z pole statistics of one trillion Z decays, assuming the total

\begin{document}$B_c \to \tau \nu_\tau$\end{document}

yield is

\begin{document}$3.6 \times 10^6$\end{document}

. Our theoretical analysis indicates the accuracy could provide a strong constraint on the general effective Hamiltonian for the

\begin{document}$b \to c\tau\nu$\end{document}

transition. If the total

\begin{document}$B_c$\end{document}

yield can be determined to

\begin{document}${\cal{O}}$\end{document}

(1%) level of accuracy in the future, these results also imply

\begin{document}$|V_{cb}|$\end{document}

could be measured up to

\begin{document}${\cal{O}}$\end{document}

(1%) level of accuracy.

Study of BESIII trigger efficiencies with the 2018 J/ψ data

M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, S. Ahmed, M. Albrecht, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, M. R. An, Q. An, X. H. Bai, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, R. Baldini Ferroli, I. Balossino, Y. Ban, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, J. Bloms, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, J. F. Chang, W. L. Chang, G. Chelkov, D. Y. Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, X. R. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Z. J Chen, W. S. Cheng, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, X. F. Cui, H. L. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, Y. Ding, C. Dong, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, S. X. Du, Y. L. Fan, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, Y. Fang, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, Y. Gao, Y. G. Gao, I. Garzia, P. T. Ge, C. Geng, E. M. Gersabeck, A Gilman, K. Goetzen, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, M. Greco, L. M. Gu, M. H. Gu, S. Gu, Y. T. Gu, C.

2021, 45(2): 023002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcfab

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Abstract:
Using a dedicated data sample taken in 2018 on the J/ψ peak, we perform a detailed study of the trigger efficiencies of the BESIII detector. The efficiencies are determined from three representative physics processes, namely Bhabha scattering, dimuon production and generic hadronic events with charged particles. The combined efficiency of all active triggers approaches 100% in most cases, with uncertainties small enough not to affect most physics analyses.

M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, S. Ahmed, M. Albrecht, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, M. R. An, Q. An, X. H. Bai, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, R. Baldini Ferroli, I. Balossino, Y. Ban, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, J. Bloms, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, J. F. Chang, W. L. Chang, G. Chelkov, D. Y. Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, X. R. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Z. J Chen, W. S. Cheng, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, X. F. Cui, H. L. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, Y. Ding, C. Dong, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, S. X. Du, Y. L. Fan, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, Y. Fang, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. G. Gao, I. Garzia, P. T. Ge, C. Geng, E. M. Gersabeck, A Gilman, K. Goetzen, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, M. Greco, L. M. Gu, M. H. Gu, S. Gu, Y. T. Gu, C. Y Guan, A. Q. Guo, L. B. Guo, R. P. Guo, Y. P. Guo, A. Guskov, T. T. Han, W. Y. Han, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, H Hüsken, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, T. Held, Y. K. Heng, C. Herold, M. Himmelreich, T. Holtmann, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, G. S. Huang, L. Q. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Z. Huang, T. Hussain, W. Ikegami Andersson, W. Imoehl, M. Irshad, S. Jaeger, S. Janchiv, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. B. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, Z. Jiao, S. Jin, Y. Jin, T. Johansson, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, X. S. Kang, R. Kappert, M. Kavatsyuk, B. C. Ke, I. K. Keshk, A. Khoukaz, P. Kiese, R. Kiuchi, R. Kliemt, L. Koch, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, M. Kuemmel, M. Kuessner, A. Kupsc, M. G. Kurth, W. Kühn, J. J. Lane, J. S. Lange, P. Larin, A. Lavania, L. Lavezzi, Z. H. Lei, H. Leithoff, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. H. Li, Cheng Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. Li, H. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, J. L. Li, J. Q. Li, J. S. Li, Ke Li, L. K. Li, Lei Li, P. R. Li, S. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. H. Li, X. L. Li, Z. Y. Li, H. Liang, H. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, L. Z. Liao, J. Libby, C. X. Lin, B. J. Liu, C. X. Liu, D. Liu, F. H. Liu, Fang Liu, Feng Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huanhuan Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. L. Liu, J. Y. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, L. Liu, M. H. Liu, P. L. Liu, Q. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, Shuai Liu, T. Liu, W. M. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, X. C. Lou, F. X. Lu, F. X. Lu, H. J. Lu, J. D. Lu, J. G. Lu, X. L. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. P. Lu, C. L. Luo, M. X. Luo, P. W. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, S. Lusso, X. R. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, M. M. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. T. Ma, X. X. Ma, X. Y. Ma, F. E. Maas, M. Maggiora, S. Maldaner, S. Malde, Q. A. Malik, A. Mangoni, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, Z. X. Meng, J. G. Messchendorp, G. Mezzadri, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, Y. J. Mo, N. Yu. Muchnoi, H. Muramatsu, S. Nakhoul, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, I. B. Nikolaev, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, S. Pacetti, X. Pan, Y. Pan, A. Pathak, P. Patteri, M. Pelizaeus, H. P. Peng, K. Peters, J. Pettersson, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, R. Poling, V. Prasad, H. Qi, H. R. Qi, K. H. Qi, M. Qi, T. Y. Qi, T. Y. Qi, S. Qian, W.-B. Qian, Z. Qian, C. F. Qiao, L. Q. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, S. Q. Qu, K. H. Rashid, K. Ravindran, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti, V. Rodin, M. Rolo, G. Rong, Ch. Rosner, M. Rump, H. S. Sang, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, C. Schnier, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio, D. C. Shan, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, J. F. Shangguan, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, P. X. Shen, X. Y. Shen, H. C. Shi, R. S. Shi, X. Shi, X. D Shi, W. M. Song, Y. X. Song, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, K. X. Su, P. P. Su, F. F. Sui, G. X. Sun, H. K. Sun, J. F. Sun, L. Sun, S. S. Sun, T. Sun, W. Y. Sun, W. Y. Sun, X Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. K. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. T. Sun, Y. H. Tan, Y. X. Tan, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, J. Tang, J. X. Teng, V. Thoren, I. Uman, B. Wang, C. W. Wang, D. Y. Wang, H. J. Wang, H. P. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, M. Wang, M. Z. Wang, Meng Wang, W. Wang, W. H. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. Wang, X. F. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. Q. Wang, Y. Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Ziyi Wang, Zongyuan Wang, D. H. Wei, P. Weidenkaff, F. Weidner, S. P. Wen, D. J. White, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, M. Wolke, L. Wollenberg, J. F. Wu, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, X. Wu, Z. Wu, L. Xia, H. Xiao, S. Y. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, X. H. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, T. Y. Xing, G. F. Xu, Q. J. Xu, W. Xu, X. P. Xu, F. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, Xu Yan, H. J. Yang, H. X. Yang, L. Yang, S. L. Yang, Y. X. Yang, Yifan Yang, Zhi Yang, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, J. H. Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, G. Yu, J. S. Yu, T. Yu, C. Z. Yuan, L. Yuan, X. Q. Yuan, Y. Yuan, Z. Y. Yuan, C. X. Yue, A. Yuncu, A. A. Zafar, Y. Zeng, B. X. Zhang, Guangyi Zhang, H. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. J. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, Jiawei Zhang, L. Q. Zhang, Lei Zhang, S. Zhang, S. F. Zhang, Shulei Zhang, X. D. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yi Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, G. Zhao, J. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, Lei Zhao, Ling Zhao, M. G. Zhao, Q. Zhao, S. J. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, Y. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, C. Zhong, L. P. Zhou, Q. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, A. N. Zhu, J. Zhu, K. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, S. H. Zhu, T. J. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, B. S. Zou and J. H. Zou. Study of BESIII Trigger Efficiencies with the 2018 J/ψ Data[J]. Chinese Physics C. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcfab.

Study of the CKM angle γ sensitivity using flavor untagged $ {{B^0_s}} {\rightarrow} \tilde{{D}}^{{(*)0}} {\phi} $ decays

D. Ao, D. Decamp, W. B. Qian, S. Ricciardi, H. Sazak, S. T’Jampens, V. Tisserand, Z. R. Wang, Z. W. Yang, S. N. Zhang, X. K. Zhou

2021, 45(2): 023003. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd16d

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A sensitivity study on the measurement of the CKM angle

\begin{document}$ \gamma $\end{document}

from

\begin{document}$ {{B^0_s}}\rightarrow \tilde{D}^{(*)0}\phi $\end{document}

decays is conducted using the D-meson reconstructed in the quasi flavour-specific modes

\begin{document}$ K\pi $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ K3\pi $\end{document}

, and

\begin{document}$ K\pi{{\pi^{0}}} $\end{document}

, as well as CP-eigenstate modes

\begin{document}$ KK $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ \pi\pi $\end{document}

, where the notation

\begin{document}$ \tilde{D}^0 $\end{document}

corresponds to a

\begin{document}$ {{D^0}} $\end{document}

or

\begin{document}$ {{{\kern 0.2em\overline{\kern -0.2em D}{}}{}^0}} $\end{document}

meson. The LHCb experiment is presented as a use case. A statistical uncertainty of approximately

\begin{document}$8^{\circ}-19^{\circ}$\end{document}

can be achieved with the

\begin{document}$ pp $\end{document}

collision data collected in the LHCb experiment from 2011 to 2018. The sensitivity to

\begin{document}$ \gamma $\end{document}

should be of the order

\begin{document}$3^{\circ}-8^{\circ}$\end{document}

after accumulating 23 fb^-1 of

\begin{document}$ pp $\end{document}

collision data by 2025, whereas it is expected to improve further by 300 fb^-1 by the second half of the 2030 decade. The accuracy is dependent on the strong parameters

\begin{document}$ {{r^{(*)}_{B}}} $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ {{\delta^{(*)}_{B}}} $\end{document}

, which together with

\begin{document}$ \gamma $\end{document}

describe the interference between the leading amplitudes of the

\begin{document}$ {{B^0_s}}\rightarrow \tilde{D}^{(*)0}\phi $\end{document}

decays.

Feasibility and physics potential of detecting ⁸B solar neutrinos at JUNO

Angel Abusleme, Thomas Adam, Shakeel Ahmad, Sebastiano Aiello, Muhammad Akram, Nawab Ali, Fengpeng An, Guangpeng An, Qi An, Giuseppe Andronico, Nikolay Anfimov, Vito Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, Burin Asavapibhop, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André, Didier Auguste, Andrej Babic, Wander Baldini, Andrea Barresi, Eric Baussan, Marco Bellato, Antonio Bergnoli, Enrico Bernieri, David Biare, Thilo Birkenfeld, Sylvie Blin, David Blum, Simon Blyth, Anastasia Bolshakova, Mathieu Bongrand, Clément Bordereau, Dominique Breton, Augusto Brigatti, Riccardo Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, Antonio Budano, Max Buesken, Mario Buscemi, Jose Busto, Ilya Butorov, Anatael Cabrera, Hao Cai, Xiao Cai, Yanke Cai, Zhiyan Cai, Antonio Cammi, Agustin Campeny, Chuanya Cao, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, Rossella Caruso, Cédric Cerna, Jinfan Chang, Yun Chang, Pingping Chen, Po-An Chen, Shaomin Chen, Shenjian Chen, Xurong Chen, Yi-Wen Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Zhang Chen, Jie Cheng, Yaping Cheng, Alexander Chepurnov, Davide Chiesa, Pietro Chiment

2021, 45(2): 023004. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd92a

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Abstract:
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector. Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent location for

\begin{document}$ ^8 $\end{document}

B solar neutrino measurements, such as its low-energy threshold, high energy resolution compared with water Cherenkov detectors, and much larger target mass compared with previous liquid scintillator detectors. In this paper, we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting

\begin{document}$ ^8 $\end{document}

B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process. A reduced 2 MeV threshold for the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable, assuming that the intrinsic radioactive background

\begin{document}$ ^{238} $\end{document}

U and

\begin{document}$ ^{232} $\end{document}

Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10

\begin{document}$ ^{-17} $\end{document}

g/g. With ten years of data acquisition, approximately 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected. This large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is dominated by the neutrino flavor transformation in the dense solar matter, which will shed new light on the inconsistency between the measured electron spectra and the predictions of the standard three-flavor neutrino oscillation framework. If

\begin{document}$ \Delta m^{2}_{21} = 4.8\times10^{-5}\; (7.5\times10^{-5}) $\end{document}

eV

\begin{document}$ ^{2} $\end{document}

, JUNO can provide evidence of neutrino oscillation in the Earth at approximately the 3

\begin{document}$ \sigma $\end{document}

(2

\begin{document}$ \sigma $\end{document}

) level by measuring the non-zero signal rate variation with respect to the solar zenith angle. Moreover, JUNO can simultaneously measure

\begin{document}$ \Delta m^2_{21} $\end{document}

using

\begin{document}$ ^8 $\end{document}

B solar neutrinos to a precision of 20% or better, depending on the central value, and to sub-percent precision using reactor antineutrinos. A comparison of these two measurements from the same detector will help understand the current mild inconsistency between the value of

\begin{document}$ \Delta m^2_{21} $\end{document}

reported by solar neutrino experiments and the KamLAND experiment.

Angel Abusleme, Thomas Adam, Shakeel Ahmad, Sebastiano Aiello, Nawab Ali, Fengpeng An, Guangpeng An, Qi An, Giuseppe Andronico, Nikolay Anfimov, Vito Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, Burin Asavapibhop, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André, Andrej Babic, Wander Baldini, Marica Baldoncini, Andrea Barresi, Eric Baussan, Marco Bellato, Enrico Bernieri, David Biare, Thilo Birkenfeld, Sylvie Blin, David Blum, Simon Blyth, Clément Bordereau, Augusto Brigatti, Riccardo Brugnera, Antonio Budano, Pit Burgbacher, Mario Buscemi, Severino Bussino, Jose Busto, Ilya Butorov, Anatael Cabrera, Hao Cai, Xiao Cai, Yanke Cai, Zhiyan Cai, Antonio Cammi, Agustin Campeny, Chuanya Cao, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, Rossella Caruso, Cédric Cerna, Irakli Chakaberia, Jinfan Chang, Yun Chang, Pingping Chen, Po-An Chen, Shaomin Chen, Shenjian Chen, Xurong Chen, Yi-Wen Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Zhang Chen, Jie Cheng, Yaping Cheng, Alexander Chepurnov, Fabrizio Chiarello, Davide Chiesa, Pietro Chimenti, Artem Chukanov, Anna Chuvashova, Catia Clementi, Barbara Clerbaux, Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo, Daniele Corti, Salvatore Costa, Flavio Dal Corso, Christophe De La Taille, Jiawei Deng, Zhi Deng, Ziyan Deng, Wilfried Depnering, Marco Diaz, Xuefeng Ding, Yayun Ding, Bayu Dirgantara, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Tadeas Dohnal, Georgy Donchenko, Jianmeng Dong, Damien Dornic, Evgeny Doroshkevich, Marcos Dracos, Frédéric Druillole, Shuxian Du, Stefano Dusini, Martin Dvorak, Timo Enqvist, Heike Enzmann, Andrea Fabbri, Lukas Fajt, Donghua Fan, Lei Fan, Can Fang, Jian Fang, Anna Fatkina, Dmitry Fedoseev, Vladko Fekete, Li-Cheng Feng, Qichun Feng, Giovanni Fiorentini, Richard Ford, Andrey Formozov, Amélie Fournier, Sabrina Franke, Haonan Gan, Feng Gao, Alberto Garfagnini, Alexandre Göttel, Christoph Genster, Marco Giammarchi, Agnese Giaz, Nunzio Giudice, Franco Giuliani, Maxim Gonchar, Guanghua Gong, Hui Gong, Oleg Gorchakov, Yuri Gornushkin, Marco Grassi, Christian Grewing, Maxim Gromov, Vasily Gromov, Minghao Gu, Xiaofei Gu, Yu Gu, Mengyun Guan, Nunzio Guardone, Maria Gul, Cong Guo, Jingyuan Guo, Wanlei Guo, Xinheng Guo, Yuhang Guo, Michael Haacke, Paul Hackspacher, Caren Hagner, Ran Han, Yang Han, Miao He, Wei He, Tobias Heinz, Yuekun Heng, Rafael Herrera, Daojin Hong, Shaojing Hou, Yee Hsiung, Bei-Zhen Hu, Hang Hu, Jianrun Hu, Jun Hu, Shouyang Hu, Tao Hu, Zhuojun Hu, Chunhao Huang, Guihong Huang, Hanxiong Huang, Qinhua Huang, Wenhao Huang, Xingtao Huang, Yongbo Huang, Jiaqi Hui, Lei Huo, Wenju Huo, Cédric Huss, Safeer Hussain, Antonio Insolia, Ara Ioannisian, Daniel Ioannisyan, Roberto Isocrate, Kuo-Lun Jen, Xiaolu Ji, Xingzhao Ji, Huihui Jia, Junji Jia, Siyu Jian, Di Jiang, Xiaoshan Jiang, Ruyi Jin, Xiaoping Jing, Cécile Jollet, Jari Joutsenvaara, Sirichok Jungthawan, Leonidas Kalousis, Philipp Kampmann, Li Kang, Michael Karagounis, Narine Kazarian, Amir Khan, Waseem Khan, Khanchai Khosonthongkee, Patrick Kinz, Denis Korablev, Konstantin Kouzakov, Alexey Krasnoperov, Svetlana Krokhaleva, Zinovy Krumshteyn, Andre Kruth, Nikolay Kutovskiy, Pasi Kuusiniemi, Benoit Lachacinski, Tobias Lachenmaier, Frederic Lefevre, Liping Lei, Ruiting Lei, Rupert Leitner, Jason Leung, Chao Li, Demin Li, Fei Li, Fule Li, Haitao Li, Huiling Li, Jiaqi Li, Jin Li, Kaijie Li, Mengzhao Li, Nan Li, Nan Li, Qingjiang Li, Ruhui Li, Shanfeng Li, Shuaijie Li, Tao Li, Teng Li, Weidong Li, Weiguo Li, Xiaomei Li, Xiaonan Li, Xinglong Li, Yi Li, Yufeng Li, Zhibing Li, Ziyuan Li, Hao Liang, Hao Liang, Jingjing Liang, Jiajun Liao, Daniel Liebau, Ayut Limphirat, Sukit Limpijumnong, Guey-Lin Lin, Shengxin Lin, Tao Lin, Yen-Hsun Lin, Jiajie Ling, Ivano Lippi, Fang Liu, Haidong Liu, Hongbang Liu, Hongjuan Liu, Hongtao Liu, Hu Liu, Hui Liu, Jianglai Liu, Jinchang Liu, Min Liu, Qian Liu, Qin Liu, Runxuan Liu, Shuangyu Liu, Shubin Liu, Shulin Liu, Xiaowei Liu, Yan Liu, Alexey Lokhov, Paolo Lombardi, Kai Loo, Sebastian Lorenz, Chuan Lu, Haoqi Lu, Jingbin Lu, Junguang Lu, Shuxiang Lu, Xiaoxu Lu, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, Sultim Lubsandorzhiev, Livia Ludhova, Fengjiao Luo, Guang Luo, Pengwei Luo, Shu Luo, Wuming Luo, Vladimir Lyashuk, Qiumei Ma, Si Ma, Xiaoyan Ma, Xubo Ma, Yury Malyshkin, Fabio Mantovani, Yajun Mao, Stefano M. Mari, Filippo Marini, Sadia Marium, Cristina Martellini, Gisele Martin-Chassard, Agnese Martini, Jacques Martino, Davit Mayilyan, Axel Müller, Guang Meng, Yue Meng, Anselmo Meregaglia, Emanuela Meroni, David Meyhöfer, Mauro Mezzetto, Jonathan Miller, Lino Miramonti, Salvatore Monforte, Paolo Montini, Michele Montuschi, Nikolay Morozov, Akram Muhammad, Pavithra Muralidharan, Massimiliano Nastasi, Dmitry V. Naumov, Elena Naumova, Igor Nemchenok, Alexey Nikolaev, Feipeng Ning, Zhe Ning, Hiroshi Nunokawa, Lothar Oberauer, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Alexander Olshevskiy, Fausto Ortica, Hsiao-Ru Pan, Alessandro Paoloni, Nina Parkalian, Sergio Parmeggiano, Teerapat Payupol, Viktor Pec, Davide Pedretti, Yatian Pei, Nicomede Pelliccia, Anguo Peng, Haiping Peng, Frédéric Perrot, Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean, Luis Felipe Pineres Rico, Artyom Popov, Pascal Poussot, Wathan Pratumwan, Ezio Previtali, Fazhi Qi, Ming Qi, Sen Qian, Xiaohui Qian, Hao Qiao, Zhonghua Qin, Shoukang Qiu, Muhammad Rajput, Gioacchino Ranucci, Neill Raper, Alessandra Re, Henning Rebber, Abdel Rebii, Bin Ren, Jie Ren, Taras Rezinko, Barbara Ricci, Markus Robens, Mathieu Roche, Narongkiat Rodphai, Lars Rohwer, Aldo Romani, Bedřich Roskovec, Christian Roth, Xiangdong Ruan, Xichao Ruan, Saroj Rujirawat, Arseniy Rybnikov, Andrey Sadovsky, Paolo Saggese, Giuseppe Salamanna, Anut Sangka, Nuanwan Sanguansak, Utane Sawangwit, Julia Sawatzki, Fatma Sawy, Michaela Schever, Jacky Schuler, Cédric Schwab, Konstantin Schweizer, Dmitry Selivanov, Alexandr Selyunin, Andrea Serafini, Giulio Settanta, Mariangela Settimo, Muhammad Shahzad, Gang Shi, Jingyan Shi, Yongjiu Shi, Vitaly Shutov, Andrey Sidorenkov, Fedor Simkovic, Chiara Sirignano, Jaruchit Siripak, Monica Sisti, Maciej Slupecki, Mikhail Smirnov, Oleg Smirnov, Thiago Sogo-Bezerra, Julanan Songwadhana, Boonrucksar Soonthornthum, Albert Sotnikov, Ondrej Sramek, Warintorn Sreethawong, Achim Stahl, Luca Stanco, Konstantin Stankevich, Dus Stefanik, Hans Steiger, Jochen Steinmann, Malte Stender, Virginia Strati, Alexander Studenikin, Gongxing Sun, Liting Sun, Shifeng Sun, Xilei Sun, Yongjie Sun, Yongzhao Sun, Narumon Suwonjandee, Michal Szelezniak, Jian Tang, Qiang Tang, Quan Tang, Xiao Tang, Alexander Tietzsch, Igor Tkachev, Konstantin Treskov, Giancarlo Troni, Wladyslaw Trzaska, Cristina Tuve, Stefan van Waasen, Johannes Vanden Boom, Nikolaos Vassilopoulos, Vadim Vedin, Giuseppe Verde, Maxim Vialkov, Benoit Viaud, Cristina Volpe, Vit Vorobel, Lucia Votano, Pablo Walker, Caishen Wang, Chung-Hsiang Wang, En Wang, Guoli Wang, Jian Wang, Jun Wang, Kunyu Wang, Lu Wang, Meifen Wang, Meng Wang, Meng Wang, Ruiguang Wang, Siguang Wang, Wei Wang, Wei Wang, Wenshuai Wang, Xi Wang, Xiangyue Wang, Yangfu Wang, Yaoguang Wang, Yi Wang, Yi Wang, Yifang Wang, Yuanqing Wang, Yuman Wang, Zhe Wang, Zheng Wang, Zhimin Wang, Zongyi Wang, Apimook Watcharangkool, Lianghong Wei, Wei Wei, Yadong Wei, Liangjian Wen, Christopher Wiebusch, Steven Chan-Fai Wong, Bjoern Wonsak, Chia-Hao Wu, Diru Wu, Fangliang Wu, Qun Wu, Wenjie Wu, Zhi Wu, Michael Wurm, Jacques Wurtz, Christian Wysotzki, Yufei Xi, Dongmei Xia, Yuguang Xie, Zhangquan Xie, Zhizhong Xing, Donglian Xu, Fanrong Xu, Jilei Xu, Jing Xu, Meihang Xu, Yin Xu, Yu Xu, Baojun Yan, Xiongbo Yan, Yupeng Yan, Anbo Yang, Changgen Yang, Huan Yang, Jie Yang, Lei Yang, Xiaoyu Yang, Yifan Yang, Haifeng Yao, Zafar Yasin, Jiaxuan Ye, Mei Ye, Ugur Yegin, Frédéric Yermia, Peihuai Yi, Zhengyun You, Boxiang Yu, Chiye Yu, Chunxu Yu, Hongzhao Yu, Miao Yu, Xianghui Yu, Zeyuan Yu, Chengzhuo Yuan, Ying Yuan, Zhenxiong Yuan, Ziyi Yuan, Baobiao Yue, Noman Zafar, Andre Zambanini, Pan Zeng, Shan Zeng, Tingxuan Zeng, Yuda Zeng, Liang Zhan, Feiyang Zhang, Guoqing Zhang, Haiqiong Zhang, Honghao Zhang, Jiawen Zhang, Jie Zhang, Jingbo Zhang, Peng Zhang, Qingmin Zhang, Tao Zhang, Xiaomei Zhang, Xuantong Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yinhong Zhang, Yiyu Zhang, Yongpeng Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Zhenyu Zhang, Zhijian Zhang, Fengyi Zhao, Jie Zhao, Rong Zhao, Shujun Zhao, Tianchi Zhao, Dongqin Zheng, Hua Zheng, Minshan Zheng, Yangheng Zheng, Weirong Zhong, Jing Zhou, Li Zhou, Nan Zhou, Shun Zhou, Xiang Zhou, Jiang Zhu, Kejun Zhu, Honglin Zhuang, Liang Zong and Jiaheng Zou. Feasibility and physics potential of detecting ⁸B solar neutrinos at JUNOXurong Che[J]. Chinese Physics C. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd92a.

Universal function of the diffractive process in color dipole picture

Z. Jalilian, G. R. Boroun

2021, 45(2): 023101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abca2c

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Abstract:
In this study, we obtain the universal function corresponding to the diffractive process and show that the cross section exhibits geometrical scaling. It is observed that diffractive theory according to the color dipole approach at small-x is a convenient framework that reveals the color transparency and saturation phenomena. We also calculate the contribution of heavy quark production in the diffractive cross section at high energy that is determined by the small size dipole configuration. The ratio of the diffractive cross section to the total cross section in electron-proton collision is the other important quantity that is computed in this work.

Spectroscopic properties of Δ baryons

Chandni Menapara, Zalak Shah, Ajay Kumar Rai

2021, 45(2): 023102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcc58

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The resonance state of the

\begin{document}$\Delta$\end{document}

baryon, which exists in four isospin (

\begin{document}$I= {3}/{2}$\end{document}

) states, has been studied using the hypercentral constituent quark model (hCQM) with a simple linear potential with added first order correction. The calculated data ranges for 1S-5S, 1P-5P, 1D-4D and 1F-2F are given, with possible spin-parity assignments for all the states. The magnetic moments have also been obtained for all four configurations. The

\begin{document}$N\pi$\end{document}

decay channel width has been calculated for a few states. The linear nature of the data has been verified through Regge trajectories.

J/ψ-J/ψ scattering cross sections of quadratic and Cornell potentials

M. Imran Jamil, S.M. Sohail Gilani, Ahmad Wasif, Abdul Sattar Khan, Ahmad Awan

2021, 45(2): 023103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcc5b

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Abstract:
We study the scattering of

\begin{document}$J/\psi$\end{document}

-

\begin{document}$J/\psi$\end{document}

mesons using quadratic and Cornell potentials in our tetraquark (

\begin{document}${{c\bar cc\bar c}}$\end{document}

) system. The system’s wavefunction in the restricted gluonic basis, which is written by utilizing the adiabatic approximation and Hamiltonian, is used via a quark potential model. The resonating group technique is used to obtain the integral equations, which are solved to obtain the unknown inter-cluster dependence of the total wavefunction of our tetraquark system. T-Matrix elements are calculated from the solutions, and eventually, the scattering cross sections are obtained using the two potentials. We compare these cross sections and find that the magnitudes of scattering cross sections of quadratic potential are higher than the Cornell potential.

Revisiting the determining fraction of glueball component in f₀ mesons via radiative decays of J/ψ

Xing-Dao Guo, Hong-Wei Ke, Ming-Gang Zhao, Liang Tang, Xue-Qian Li

2021, 45(2): 023104. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abccad

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Abstract:
QCD theory predicts the existence of glueballs, but so far all experimental endeavors have failed to identify any such states. To remedy this discrepancy between QCD, which has proven to be a successful theory for strong interactions, and the failure of experimental searches for glueballs, one is tempted to accept the promising interpretation that the glueballs mix with regular

\begin{document}$ q\bar q $\end{document}

states of the same quantum numbers. The lattice estimate of the masses of pure

\begin{document}$ 0^{++} $\end{document}

glueballs ranges from 1 to 2 GeV, which is the region of the

\begin{document}$ f_0 $\end{document}

family. Thus many authors suggest that the

\begin{document}$ f_0 $\end{document}

mesonic series is an ideal place to study possible mixtures of glueballs and

\begin{document}$ q\bar q $\end{document}

. In this paper, following the strategy proposed by Close, Farrar and Li, we try to determine the fraction of glueball components in

\begin{document}$ f_0 $\end{document}

mesons using the measured mass spectra and the branching ratios of

\begin{document}$ J/\psi $\end{document}

radiative decays into

\begin{document}$ f_0 $\end{document}

mesons. Since the pioneering papers by Close et al., more than 20 years have elapsed and more accurate measurements have been done by several experimental collaborations, so it is time to revisit this interesting topic using new data. We suppose

\begin{document}$ f_0(500) $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ f_0(980) $\end{document}

to be pure quark states, while for

\begin{document}$ f_0(1370) $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ f_0(1500) $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ f_0(1710) $\end{document}

, to fit both the experimental data of

\begin{document}$ J/\psi $\end{document}

radiative decay and their mass spectra, glueball components are needed. Moreover, the mass of the pure

\begin{document}$ 0^{++} $\end{document}

glueball is phenomenologically determined.

Investigating bottom-quark Yukawa interaction at Higgs factory

Qi Bi, Kangyu Chai, Jun Gao, Yiming Liu, Hao Zhang

2021, 45(2): 023105. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcd2c

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Measuring the fermion Yukawa coupling constants is important for understanding the origin of the fermion masses and their relationship with spontaneously electroweak symmetry breaking. In contrast, some new physics (NP) models change the Lorentz structure of the Yukawa interactions between standard model (SM) fermions and the SM-like Higgs boson, even in their decoupling limit. Thus, the precise measurement of the fermion Yukawa interactions is a powerful tool of NP searching in the decoupling limit. In this work, we show the possibility of investigating the Lorentz structure of the bottom-quark Yukawa interaction with the 125 GeV SM-like Higgs boson for future

\begin{document}$e^+e^-$\end{document}

colliders.

General neutrino mass spectrum and mixing properties in seesaw mechanisms

Wojciech Flieger, Janusz Gluza

2021, 45(2): 023106. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcd2f

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Neutrinos stand out among the elementary particles because of their unusually small masses. Various seesaw mechanisms attempt to explain this fact. In this work, applying insights from matrix theory, we are in a position to treat variants of seesaw mechanisms in a general manner. Specifically, using Weyl's inequalities, we discuss and rigorously prove under which conditions the seesaw framework leads to a mass spectrum with exactly three light neutrinos. We find an estimate of the mass of heavy neutrinos to be the mass obtained by neglecting light neutrinos, shifted at most by the maximal strength of the coupling to the light neutrino sector. We provide analytical conditions allowing one to prescribe that precisely two out of five neutrinos are heavy. For higher-dimensional cases the inverse eigenvalue methods are used. In particular, for the CP-invariant scenarios we show that if the neutrino sector has a valid mass matrix after neglecting the light ones, i.e. if the respective mass submatrix is positive definite, then large masses are provided by matrices with large elements accumulated on the diagonal. Finally, the Davis-Kahan theorem is used to show how masses affect the rotation of light neutrino eigenvectors from the standard Euclidean basis. This general observation concerning neutrino mixing, together with results on the mass spectrum properties, opens directions for further neutrino physics studies using matrix analysis.

The symmetry group of Feynman diagrams and consistency of the BPHZ renormalization scheme

Kun Hao, Kangjie Shi

2021, 45(2): 023107. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcd30

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We study the relation between the symmetry group of a Feynman diagram and its reduced diagrams. We then prove that the counterterms in the BPHZ renormalization scheme are consistent with adding counterterms to the interaction Hamiltonian in all cases, including that of Feynman diagrams with symmetry factors.

Positivity in electron-positron scattering: testing the axiomatic quantum field theory principles and probing the existence of UV states

Benjamin Fuks, Yiming Liu, Cen Zhang, Shuang-Yong Zhou

2021, 45(2): 023108. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcd8c

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We consider the positivity bounds on dimension-8 four-electron operators and study two related phenomenological aspects at future lepton colliders. First, if positivity is violated, probing such violations will revolutionize our understanding of the fundamental pillars of quantum field theory and the S-matrix theory. We observe that positivity violation at scales of 1-10 TeV can potentially be probed at future lepton colliders even if one assumes that dimension-6 operators are also present. Second, the positive nature of the dimension-8 parameter space often allows us to either directly infer the existence of UV-scale particles together with their quantum numbers or exclude them up to certain scales in a model-independent way. In particular, dimension-8 positivity plays an important role in the test of the Standard Model. If no deviations from the Standard Model are observed, it allows for simultaneous exclusion limits on all kinds of potential UV-complete models. Unlike the dimension-6 case, these limits apply regardless of the UV model setup and cannot be removed by possible cancellations among various UV contributions. This thus consists of a novel and universal test to confirm the Standard Model. We demonstrate with realistic examples how all the previously mentioned possibilities, including the test of positivity violation, can be achieved. Hence, we provide an important motivation for studying dimension-8 operators more comprehensively.

Charmed and ϕ meson decay constants from 2+1-flavor lattice QCD

Ying Chen, Wei-Feng Chiu, Ming Gong, Zhaofeng Liu, Yunheng Ma, (χQCD Collaboration)

2021, 45(2): 023109. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcd8f

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On a lattice with 2+1-flavor dynamical domain-wall fermions at the physical pion mass, we calculate the decay constants of

\begin{document}$ D_{s}^{(*)} $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ D^{(*)} $\end{document}

, and

\begin{document}$ \phi $\end{document}

. The lattice size is

\begin{document}$ 48^3\times96 $\end{document}

, which corresponds to a spatial extension of

\begin{document}$ \sim5.5 $\end{document}

fm, with a lattice spacing of

\begin{document}$ a\approx 0.114 $\end{document}

fm. For the valence light, strange, and charm quarks, we use overlap fermions at several mass points close to their physical values. Our results at the physical point are

\begin{document}$ f_D = 213(5) $\end{document}

MeV,

\begin{document}$ f_{D_s} = 249(7) $\end{document}

MeV,

\begin{document}$ f_{D^*} = 234(6) $\end{document}

MeV,

\begin{document}$ f_{D_s^*} = 274(7) $\end{document}

MeV, and

\begin{document}$ f_\phi = 241(9) $\end{document}

MeV. The couplings of

\begin{document}$ D^* $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ D_s^* $\end{document}

to the tensor current (

\begin{document}$ f_V^T $\end{document}

) can be derived from ratios

\begin{document}$ f_{D^*}^T/f_{D^*} = 0.91(4) $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ f_{D_s^*}^T/f_{D_s^*} = 0.92(4) $\end{document}

, respectively, which are the first lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) results. We also obtain ratios

\begin{document}$ f_{D^*}/f_D = 1.10(3) $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ f_{D_s^*}/f_{D_s} = 1.10(4) $\end{document}

, which reflect the size of heavy quark symmetry breaking in charmed mesons. Ratios

\begin{document}$ f_{D_s}/f_{D} = 1.16(3) $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ f_{D_s^*}/f_{D^*} = 1.17(3) $\end{document}

can be taken as a measure of SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking.

Impact of LHCb 13 TeV W and Z pseudo-data on the parton distribution functions

Qilin Deng, Qundong Han, Hang Yin, Sayipjamal Dulat, Tie-Jiun Hou, C.–P. Yuan

2021, 45(2): 023110. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcd90

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We study the potential of the LHCb 13 TeV single W^± and Z boson pseudo-data for constraining the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. As an example, we demonstrate the sensitivity of the LHCb 13 TeV data, collected with integrated luminosities of 5

\begin{document}$ {\rm{fb}}^{-1}$\end{document}

and 300

\begin{document}$ {\rm{fb}}^{-1}$\end{document}

, to reducing the PDF uncertainty bands of the CT14HERA2 PDFs, using the error PDF updating package EPUMP. The sensitivities of various experimental observables are compared. Generally, sizable reductions in PDF uncertainties can be observed in the 300

\begin{document}$ {\rm{fb}}^{-1}$\end{document}

data sample, particularly in the small-x region. The double-differential cross section measurement of Z boson p_T and rapidity can greatly reduce the uncertainty bands of u and d quarks in almost the whole x range, as compared to various single observable measurements.

The impact of ATLAS and CMS single differential top-quark pair measurements at ${\sqrt{ s}\bf{=8}}$ TeV on CTEQ-TEA PDFs

Musajan Kadir, Alim Ablat, Sayipjamal Dulat, Tie-Jiun Hou, Ibrahim Sitiwaldi

2021, 45(2): 023111. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abce10

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By applying the Error PDF Updating Method, we analyze the impact of the absolute and normalized single differential cross-sections for top-quark pair production data from the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, at a center-of-mass energy of

\begin{document}$ \sqrt{s} = 8 $\end{document}

TeV, on the CT14HERA2 PDFs. We find that the top quark pair single differential distributions provide minor constraints on the CT14HERA2 gluon PDF when the nominal CT14HERA2 inclusive jet production data are included in the fit. Larger constraints on the gluon distribution are present when the jet data are removed (CT14HERA2mJ) and/or when increased weights are given to the top data in the CT14HERA2 fits. The weighted

\begin{document}$ t\bar t $\end{document}

data provide significant constraints on the CT14HERA2mJ gluon PDF, which are comparable to those obtained from inclusive jet production data. Furthermore, we examine the top quark mass sensitivity of the top-quark pair single differential distributions.

Inclusive $ {{\Upsilon(1S,2S,3S)}}$ photoproduction at the CEPC

Xi-Jie Zhan, Jian-Xiong Wang

2021, 45(2): 023112. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abce11

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Inclusive

\begin{document}$ \Upsilon(1S,2S,3S) $\end{document}

photoproduction at the future Circular-Electron-Positron-Collider (CEPC) is studied, using the non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) factorization formalism. Including the contributions from both direct and resolved photons, we present different distributions for the

\begin{document}$ \Upsilon(1S,2S,3S) $\end{document}

production. Our results suggest that there will be considerable events, implying that well measurements of the

\begin{document}$ \Upsilon $\end{document}

photoproduction can be performed to further study heavy quarkonium physics at electron-positron colliders, in addition to hadron colliders. This supplemental study is very important for clarifying the current situation regarding the heavy quarkonium production mechanism.

Higgs decay to light (pseudo)scalars in the semi-constrained NMSSM

Shiquan Ma, Kun Wang, Jingya Zhu

2021, 45(2): 023113. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abce4f

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The next-to minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM) with non-universal Higgs masses, i.e., the semi-constrained NMSSM (scNMSSM), extends the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) by a singlet superfield and assumes universal conditions, except for the Higgs sector. It can not only maintain the simplicity and grace of the fully constrained MSSM and NMSSM and relieve the tension they have been facing since the discovery of the 125-GeV Higgs boson but also allow for an exotic phenomenon wherein the Higgs decay into a pair of light (

\begin{document}$10\sim 60\;{\rm{GeV}}$\end{document}

) singlet-dominated (pseudo)scalars (hereafter, in this paper, we use "scalar" for both scalars and pseudoscalars, considering pseudoscalars can also be called CP-odd scalars). This condition can be classified into three scenarios according to the identitiesof the SM-like Higgs and the light scalar: (i) the light scalar is CP-odd, and the SM-like Higgs is

\begin{document}$h_2$\end{document}

; (ii) the light scalar is CP-odd, and the SM-like Higgs is

\begin{document}$h_1$\end{document}

; and (iii) the light scalar is CP-even, and the SM-like Higgs is

\begin{document}$h_2$\end{document}

. In this work, we compare the three scenarios, checking the interesting parameter regions that lead to the scenarios, the mixing levels of the doublets and singlets, the tri-scalar coupling between the SM-like Higgs and a pair of light scalars, the branching ratio of Higgs decay to the light scalars, and sensitivities in the detection of the exotic decay at the HL-LHC and future lepton colliders such as CEPC, FCC-ee, and ILC. Finally, several interesting conclusions are drawn, which are useful for understanding the different delicate mechanisms of the exotic decay and designing colliders in future.

Effective field theory approach to lepto-philic self-conjugate dark matter

Hrishabh Bharadwaj, Ashok Goyal

2021, 45(2): 023114. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abce50

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We study self-conjugate dark matter (DM) particles interacting primarily with Standard Model (SM) leptons in an effective field theoretical framework. We consider SM gauge-invariant effective contact interactions between Majorana fermion, real scalar and real vector DM with leptons by evaluating the Wilson coefficients appropriate for interaction terms up to dimension 8, and obtain constraints on the parameters of the theory from the observed relic density, indirect detection observations and from the DM-electron scattering cross-sections in direct detection experiments. Low energy LEP data has been used to study sensitivity in the pair production of low mass (

\begin{document}$ \leqslant$\end{document}

80 GeV) DM particles. Pair production of DM particles of mass

\begin{document}$\geqslant$\end{document}

50 GeV in association with mono-photons at the proposed ILC has rich potential to probe such effective operators.

Minimal length effects on motion of a particle in Rindler space

Xiaobo Guo, Kangkai Liang, Benrong Mu, Peng Wang, Mingtao Yang

2021, 45(2): 023115. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcf20

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Various quantum theories of gravity predict the existence of a minimal measurable length. In this paper, we study effects of the minimal length on the motion of a particle in the Rindler space under a harmonic potential. This toy model captures key features of particle dynamics near a black hole horizon and allows us to make three observations. First, we find that chaotic behavior becomes stronger with increases in minimal length effects, leading predominantly to growth in the maximum Lyapunov characteristic exponents, while the KAM curves on Poincaré surfaces of a section tend to disintegrate into chaotic layers. Second, in the presence of the minimal length effects, it can take a finite amount of Rindler time for a particle to cross the Rindler horizon, which implies a shorter scrambling time of black holes. Finally, the model shows that some Lyapunov characteristic exponents can be greater than the surface gravity of the horizon, violating the recently conjectured universal upper bound. In short, our results reveal that quantum gravity effects may make black holes prone to more chaos and faster scrambling.

Mass spectrum and strong decays of strangeonium in a constituent quark model

Qi Li, Long-Cheng Gui, Ming-Sheng Liu, Qi-Fang Lü, Xian-Hui Zhong

2021, 45(2): 023116. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcf22

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Abstract:
In this work we calculate the mass spectrum of strangeonium up to the

\begin{document}$ 3D $\end{document}

multiplet within a nonrelativistic linear potential quark model. Furthermore, using the obtained wave functions, we also evaluate the strong decays of the strangeonium states with the

\begin{document}$ ^3P_0 $\end{document}

model. Based on our successful explanations of the well established states

\begin{document}$ \phi(1020) $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ \phi(1680) $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ h_1(1415) $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ f'_2(1525) $\end{document}

, and

\begin{document}$ \phi_3(1850) $\end{document}

, we further discuss the possible assignments of strangeonium-like states from experiments by combining our theoretical results with observations. It is found that some resonances, such as

\begin{document}$ f_2(2010) $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ f_2(2150) $\end{document}

, listed by the Particle Data Group, and

\begin{document}$ X(2062) $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ X(2500) $\end{document}

, newly observed by BESIII, may be interpreted as strangeonium states. The possibility of

\begin{document}$ \phi(2170) $\end{document}

as a candidate for

\begin{document}$ \phi(3S) $\end{document}

or

\begin{document}$ \phi(2D) $\end{document}

cannot be excluded. We expect our results to provide useful references for looking for the missing

\begin{document}$ s\bar{s} $\end{document}

states in future experiments.

New observable for measuring the CP property of top-Higgs interaction

Qing-Hong Cao, Ke-Pan Xie, Hao Zhang, Rui Zhang

2021, 45(2): 023117. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcfac

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We propose a new dihedral angle observable for measuring the CP property of the interaction between the top quark and Higgs boson in

\begin{document}$t\bar{t}H$\end{document}

production at the 14 TeV Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We consider two decay modes of the Higgs boson,

\begin{document}$H\to b\bar{b}$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$H\to \gamma\gamma$\end{document}

, and demonstrate that the dihedral angle distribution is able to distinguish between the CP-even and the CP-odd hypothesis at a 95% confidence level, with an integrated luminosity of

\begin{document}$\sim 180~{\rm{fb}}^{-1}$\end{document}

.

A private SUSY 4HDM with FCNC in the up-sector

M. A. Arroyo-Ureña, J. Lorenzo Díaz-Cruz, Bryan O. Larios-López, M. A. Pérez de León

2021, 45(2): 023118. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcfae

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We present a SUSY model with four Higgs doublets of the "private type," in which all fermion types (up, down, and charged leptons) obtain their masses from a different Higgs doublet

\begin{document}$H_f\,( f = u_1, d, e)$\end{document}

. The conditions for anomaly cancellation imply that the remaining Higgs doublet of the model (

\begin{document}$H_{u_2}$\end{document}

) must have the same hypercharge as

\begin{document}$H_{u_1}$\end{document}

, and thus, can only couple to up-type quarks, which opens the possibility to have FCNCs only in this sector. We study the Lagrangian of the model, and in particular, the Higgs potential, to identify the Higgs mass-eigenstates and their interactions; for the Yukawa matrices, we consider the four-texture case. We obtain constraints on the model parameters by using LHC measurements on the properties of the 125 GeV Higgs boson (h), and identify viable regions of the parameter space. Subsequently, these constraints are used to evaluate the prospects for detecting the FCNC decay mode

\begin{document}$t \to ch$\end{document}

at the future high-luminosity (HL) option for the LHC, which are compared with current limits from LHC-run2. Moreover, we evaluate the FCNC decay of the next heavier Higgs boson

\begin{document}$H_2\to tc$\end{document}

, which can typically reach

\begin{document}$BR(H_2 \rightarrow tc) \approx {\cal{O}}(10^{-4}-10^{-5} )$\end{document}

. The search for the signal at HL-LHC is also studied, and it is found that it may be detectable for specific regions of the model parameter space.

Electromagnetic properties of the P_c(4312) pentaquark state

Ulaş Özdem

2021, 45(2): 023119. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd01c

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Using the light-cone QCD sum rules, we evaluate the magnetic moment of the

\begin{document}$ P_c(4312) $\end{document}

pentaquark state by considering both the

\begin{document}$ \bar D\Sigma_c $\end{document}

molecular and diquark-diquark-antiquark state, with quantum numbers

\begin{document}$J^P = \dfrac{1}{2}^-$\end{document}

. In the calculations, we use the diquark-diquark-antiquark and molecular form of the interpolating currents for the

\begin{document}$ P_c(4312) $\end{document}

pentaquark and the distribution amplitudes of the photon. The numerical results for the magnetic moment obtained using the two different pictures are quite different from each other, which can be used to pin down the underlying structure of

\begin{document}$ P_c (4312) $\end{document}

. Any experimental measurement of the magnetic moment in the near future will provide an understanding of the internal structure of this pentaquark state.

Strong Coupling Constants of the Doubly Heavy Spin-1/2 Baryons with Light Pseudoscalar Mesons

S. Rostami, K. Azizi, A. R. Olamaei

2021, 45(2): 023120. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd084

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The strong coupling constants of hadronic multiplets are fundamental parameters which carry information about the strong interactions among participating particles. These parameters can help us construct the hadron-hadron strong potential and gain information about the structure of the involved hadrons. Motivated by the recent observation of the doubly charmed

\begin{document}$ \Xi_{cc} $\end{document}

state by LHCb, we determine the strong coupling constants among the doubly heavy spin-1/2 baryons,

\begin{document}$ \Xi^{(\prime)}_{QQ^\prime } $\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$ \Omega^{(\prime)}_{QQ^\prime} $\end{document}

and light pseudoscalar mesons,

\begin{document}$ \pi $\end{document}

, K,

\begin{document}$ \eta $\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$ \eta^\prime $\end{document}

within the framework of the light cone QCD sum rules. The obtained results may help experimental groups in analysis of the related data at hadron colliders.

Thermodynamics and overcharging problem in extended phase space of charged AdS black holes with cloud of strings and quintessence under charged particle absorption

Jing Liang, Benrong Mu, Jun Tao

2021, 45(2): 023121. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd085

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The thermodynamics and overcharging problem in RN-AdS black holes with a cloud of strings and quintessence are investigated by the absorption of scalar particles and fermions in extended phase space. The cosmological constant is treated as the pressure of the black hole. The parameters related to quintessence and the cloud of strings are treated as thermodynamic variables. We find that the first law of thermodynamics is satisfied and the second law of thermodynamics is indefinite. Furthermore, we find that near-extremal and extremal black holes cannot be overcharged.

“Conserved charges” of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra in the Brans-Dicke theory

Shaoqi Hou, Zong-Hong Zhu

2021, 45(2): 023122. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd087

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The asymptotic symmetries in the Brans-Dicke theory are analyzed using Penrose's conformal completion method, which is independent of the coordinate system used. These symmetries, indeed, include supertranslations and Lorentz transformations for an asymptotically flat spacetime. With the Wald-Zoupas formalism, “conserved charges” and fluxes of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra are computed. The scalar degree of freedom contributes only to the Lorentz boost charge, even though it plays a role in various fluxes. The flux-balance laws are further applied to constrain the displacement memory, spin memory, and center-of-mass memory effects.

Measurement of astrophysical S-factor for ⁹Be(d, α₀)⁷Li and ⁹Be(d, α₁)⁷Li^* reactions at low energies

Zhenglin Huang, Bingjun Chen, Lixin Qin, Qian Zhang, Fang Zhang, Tieshan Wang, Kaihong Fang

2021, 45(2): 024001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abca1d

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The thick-target yield of the ⁹Be(d, α₀)⁷Li and ⁹Be(d, α₁)⁷Li^* reactions has been first directly measured over deuteron energies from 66 to 94 keV. The obtained S(E_i) of α₀ and α₁ have similar trends calculated by the thin-target yield, consistent with Yan’s report within the errors. Furthermore, the parametric expression of S(E) was obtained to calculate the theoretical thick target yield, and it roughly agrees with the experimental thick target yield.

Measurements of neutron energy spectra of ⁹Be(d,n)¹⁰B reaction with a thick beryllium target

Shuang-Jiao Zhang, Zhi-Jie Hu, Zhi-Ming Hu, Chao Han, Xiao-Hou Bai, Chang-Qi Liu, Chang Huang, Qin Xie, Dong-Ying Huo, Kang Wu, Yang-Bo Nie, Yan-Yan Ding, Kai Zhang, Yu Zhang, Zhi-Yong Deng, Rui Guo, Zheng Wei, Ze-En Yao

2021, 45(2): 024002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abce13

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Novel measurements of the neutron energy spectra of the ⁹Be(d,n)¹⁰B reaction with a thick beryllium target are performed using a fast neutron time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer for the neutron emission angles

\begin{document}$\theta=0^\circ$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$45^\circ$\end{document}

, and the incident deuteron energies are 250 and 300 keV, respectively. The neutron contributions from the ⁹Be(d,n)¹⁰B reaction are distributed relatively independently for the ground state and the first, second, and third excited states of ¹⁰B. The branching ratios of the ⁹Be(d,n)¹⁰B reaction for the different excited states of ¹⁰B are obtained for the neutron emission angles

\begin{document}$\theta=0^\circ$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$45^\circ$\end{document}

, and the incident deuteron energies are 250 and 300 keV, respectively. The branching ratio of the ⁹Be(d,n)¹⁰B reaction for the third excited state decreases with increase in the incident deuteron energy, and the branching ratios for the ground state and the second excited state increase with increase in the neutron emission angle.

Four α correlations in nuclear fragmentation: a game of resonances

M. Huang, A. Bonasera, S. Zhang, H. Zheng, D. X. Wang, J. C. Wang, N. Song, X. Tang, L. Lu, G. Zhang, Z. Kohley, M. R. D. Rodrigues, Y. G. Ma, S. J. Yennello

2021, 45(2): 024003. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abce52

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Heavy ion collisions near the Fermi energy produce a ‘freezout’ region where fragments appear and later decay, emitting mainly neutrons, protons, alpha particles, and gamma rays. These decay products carry information about the decaying nuclei. Fragmentation events may result in high yields of boson particles, especially alpha particles, and may carry important information about the nuclear Bose Einstein condensate (BEC). We study ‘in medium’ four α correlations and link them to the ‘fission’ of ¹⁶O in two ⁸Be in the ground state or ¹²C^*(Hoyle state)+α. Using novel techniques for the correlation functions, we confirm the resonance of ¹⁶O at 15.2 MeV excitation energy, and the possibility of a lower resonance, close to 14.72 MeV. The latter resonance is the result of all α particles having 92 keV relative kinetic energies.

Analysis of strong refractive effect within ¹¹Li projectile structure

Kassem O. Behairy, M. El-Azab Farid, Awad A. Ibraheem, Ola Ramadan, M. Anwar

2021, 45(2): 024101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abca1b

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In the context of the double folding optical model, the strong refractive effect for elastic scattering of ¹¹Li + ¹²C and ¹¹Li + ²⁸Si systems at incident energies of 29, 50, and 60 MeV/n is studied. Real folded potentials are generated based on a variety of nucleon-nucleon interactions with the suggested density distributions for the halo structure of ¹¹Li nuclei. The rearrangement term (RT) of the extended realistic density dependent CDM3Y6 effective interaction is considered. The imaginary potential was taken in the traditional standard Woods-Saxon form. Satisfactory results for the calculated potentials are obtained, with a slight effect of the RT in CDM3Y6 potential. Successful reproduction with a normalization factor close to one for the observed angular distributions of the elastic scattering differential cross section has been achieved using the derived potentials. The obtained reaction cross-section is studied as a guide by extrapolating our calculations and previous results.

Medium modifications of girth distributions for inclusive jets and Z⁰+jets in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the LHC

Jun Yan, Shi-Yong Chen, Wei Dai, Zhang Ben-Wei, En-Ke Wang

2021, 45(2): 024102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abca2b

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In this paper, we investigate the medium modifications of girth distributions for inclusive jets and

\begin{document}$Z^0$\end{document}

tagged jets with a small radius (

\begin{document}$R=0.2$\end{document}

) in Pb+Pb collisions with

\begin{document}$\sqrt{s}=2.76$\end{document}

TeV at the LHC. The partonic spectra in the initial hard scattering of elementary collisions are obtained by an event generator POWHEG+PYTHIA, which matches the next-to-leading order (NLO) matrix elements with parton showering, and the energy loss of a fast parton traversing the hot/dense QCD medium is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation within the higher-twist formalism of jet quenching in heavy-ion collisions. We present the model calculations of event normalized girth distributions for inclusive jets in p+p and Pb+Pb collisions at

\begin{document}$\sqrt{s}=2.76$\end{document}

TeV, which give good descriptions of ALICE measurements. It is shown that the girth distributions of inclusive jets in Pb+Pb are shifted to lower girth regions relative to those in p+p. Thus, the nuclear modification factor of girth distributions for inclusive jets is larger than unity at small girth regions and smaller than unity at large girth regions. This behavior results from softer fragments inside a jet as well as the fraction alteration of gluon/quark initiated jets in heavy-ion collisions. We further predict the girth distributions for

\begin{document}$Z^0$\end{document}

boson tagged jets in Pb+Pb collisions at

\begin{document}$\sqrt{s}=2.76$\end{document}

TeV and demonstrate that the medium modification on girth distributions for

\begin{document}$Z^0$\end{document}

tagged jets is less pronounced compared to that for inclusive jets because the dominant components of

\begin{document}$Z^0$\end{document}

tagged jets are quark-initiated jets.

Band mixing in ^96,98Mo isotopes

A. Jalili Majarshin, Yan-An Luo, Feng Pan, Jerry P. Draayer

2021, 45(2): 024103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcc59

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We use the two lowest weight states to fit E2 strengths connecting the

\begin{document}$0\leftrightarrow 2$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$2\leftrightarrow 4$\end{document}

transitions in

\begin{document}$^{96,98}$\end{document}

Mo. Our results confirm that the

\begin{document}$2^+$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$4^+$\end{document}

states are maximally mixed, and that the

\begin{document}$0^+$\end{document}

states are weakly mixed in both nuclei. An appropriate Hamiltonian to represent the band mixing is found to be exactly solvable, and its eigenstates can be expressed as the basis vectors in the configuration mixing scheme and interacting boson model. The interacting boson model and coexistence mixing configuration under the solvable methods are suitable models for analyzing the band mixing with high accuracy.

Systematic study of α decay half-lives within the Generalized Liquid Drop Model with various versions of proximity energies

Jun-Gang Deng, Hong-Fei Zhang

2021, 45(2): 024104. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcc5a

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It is universally acknowledged that the Generalized Liquid Drop Model (GLDM) has two advantages over other α decay theoretical models: introduction of the quasimolecular shape mechanism and proximity energy. In the past few decades, the original proximity energy has been improved by numerous works. In the present work, the different improvements of proximity energy are examined when they are applied to the GLDM for enhancing the calculation accuracy and prediction ability of α decay half-lives for known and unsynthesized superheavy nuclei. The calculations of α half-lives have systematic improvements in reproducing experimental data after choosing a more suitable proximity energy for application to the GLDM. Encouraged by this, the α decay half-lives of even-even superheavy nuclei with Z=112-122 are predicted by the GLDM with a more suitable proximity energy. The predictions are consistent with calculations by the improved Royer formula and the universal decay law. In addition, the features of the predicted α decay half-lives imply that the next double magic nucleus after ²⁰⁸Pb is ²⁹⁸Fl.

Diffuseness effect and radial basis function network for optimizing α decay calculations

Na-Na Ma, Xiao-Jun Bao, Hong-Fei Zhang

2021, 45(2): 024105. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcc5c

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A radial basis function network (RBFN) approach is adopted for the first time to optimize the calculation of

\begin{document}$ \alpha $\end{document}

decay half-life in the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM), while concurrently incorporating the surface diffuseness effect. The calculations presented herein agree closely with the experimental half-lives for 68 superheavy nuclei (SHN), achieving a remarkable reduction of 40% in the root-mean-square (rms) deviations of half-lives. Furthermore, using the RBFN method, the half-lives for four SHN isotopes, ^252-288Rf, ^272-310Fl, ^286-316119, and ^292-318120, are predicted using the improved GLDM with the diffuseness correction and the decay energies from WS4 and FRDM as inputs. Therefore, we conclude that the diffuseness effect should be embodied in the proximity energy. Moreover, increased application of neural network methods in nuclear reaction studies is encouraged.

Analyses of multi-pion Bose-Einstein correlations for granular sources with coherent pion-emission droplets

Ghulam Bary, Wei-Ning Zhang, Peng Ru, Jing Yang

2021, 45(2): 024106. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcd8d

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The ALICE Collaboration measured three- and four-pion Bose-Einstein correlations (BECs) for Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It is speculated that the observed significant suppression of multi-pion BECs is owing to a considerable degree of coherent pion emission in these collisions. Here, we study multi-pion BEC functions for granular sources with coherent pion-emission droplets. We find that the intercepts of the multi-pion correlation functions at the relative momenta near zero are sensitive to the number of droplets in the granular source. They decrease with the droplet number. The three-pion correlation functions for evolving granular sources with momentum-dependent partially coherent pion-emission droplets basically agree with the experimental data for Pb-Pb collisions at

\begin{document}$ \sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$\end{document}

TeV at the LHC. However, the model results for the four-pion correlation function are inconsistent with the experimental data. Investigations into normalized multi-pion correlation functions of granular sources suggest an interesting enhancement of the normalized four-pion correlation function in the moderate relative-momentum region.

Shell corrections with finite temperature covariant density functional theory

Wei Zhang, Wan-Li Lv, Ting-Ting Sun

2021, 45(2): 024107. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abce12

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The temperature dependence of the shell corrections to the energy

\begin{document}$\delta E_{\rm{shell}}$\end{document}

, entropy

\begin{document}$T \delta S_{\rm{shell}}$\end{document}

, and free energy

\begin{document}$\delta F_{\rm{shell}}$\end{document}

is studied by employing the covariant density functional theory for closed-shell nuclei. Taking

\begin{document}$^{144}$\end{document}

Sm as an example, studies have shown that, unlike the widely-used exponential dependence

\begin{document}$\exp(-E^*/E_d)$\end{document}

,

\begin{document}$\delta E_{\rm{shell}}$\end{document}

exhibits a non-monotonous behavior, i.e., first decreasing 20% approaching a temperature of

\begin{document}$0.8$\end{document}

MeV, and then fading away exponentially. Shell corrections to both free energy

\begin{document}$\delta F_{\rm{shell}}$\end{document}

and entropy

\begin{document}$T \delta S_{\rm{shell}}$\end{document}

can be approximated well using the Bohr-Mottelson forms

\begin{document}$\tau/\sinh(\tau)$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$[\tau \coth(\tau)-1]/\sinh(\tau)$\end{document}

, respectively, in which

\begin{document}$\tau\propto T$\end{document}

. Further studies on the shell corrections in other closed-shell nuclei,

\begin{document}$^{100}$\end{document}

Sn and

\begin{document}$^{208}$\end{document}

Pb, are conducted, and the same temperature dependencies are obtained.

New Geiger-Nuttall law for two-proton radioactivity

Hong-Ming Liu, You-Tian Zou, Xiao Pan, Jiu-Long Chen, Biao He, Xiao-Hua Li

2021, 45(2): 024108. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd01e

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In the present work, a two-parameter empirical formula is proposed, based on the Geiger-Nuttall law, to study two-proton (

\begin{document}$ 2p $\end{document}

) radioactivity. Using this formula, the calculated

\begin{document}$ 2p $\end{document}

radioactivity half-lives are in good agreement with the experimental data as well as with calculated results obtained by Goncalves et al. [Phys. Lett. B 774, 14 (2017)] using the effective liquid drop model (ELDM), Sreeja et al. [Eur. Phys. J. A 55, 33 (2019)] using a four-parameter empirical formula, and Cui et al. [Phys. Rev. C 101: 014301 (2020)] using a generalized liquid drop model (GLDM). In addition, this two-parameter empirical formula is extended to predict the half-lives of 22 possible

\begin{document}$ 2p $\end{document}

radioactivity candidates with

\begin{document}$ 2p $\end{document}

radioactivity released energy

\begin{document}$ Q_{2p} > 0 $\end{document}

, obtained from the latest evaluated atomic mass table AME2016. The predicted results are highly consistent with those obtained using other theoretical models such as the ELDM, GLDM and four-parameter empirical formula.

Multi-parameter global calculations of fission fragments using a simplified two-dimensional scission-point model

Kang Wei, Hong-Fei Zhang, Zhi-Xuan He, Xing-Yu Wang, Shu-Qin Guo, Bi-Tao Hu

2021, 45(2): 024109. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd083

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Exploiting the concept of the dinuclear system, the interaction potential energy of two fragments that are quite close to each other is analyzed. A semi-classical method is used to calculate fission fragment yields using a simplified two-dimensional scission-point model. By considering the tip-to-tip orientation at the scission point of the fission process, we investigate the mass, charge, and kinetic-energy distributions of the fission fragments, for excitation energies in the 0-20 MeV range. Our results show that the fission fragment distributions are reproduced quite well, including the recent experimental results for the isotone chain [D Ramos et al. Phys. Rev. C 97, 054612 (2018)]. Thus, the simplified model is useful for multi-parameter global measurements of fission products.

Kinetic energy distribution for neutron-induced fission of neptunium isotopes

P Mehdipour Kaldiani

2021, 45(2): 024110. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd086

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The mean total kinetic energy as a function of fission fragments, the <TKE> distribution, is presented for neutron-induced fission of

\begin{document}$ ^{235-239}$\end{document}

Np using the scission point model. The calculated results of <TKE> for neutron-induced fission of

\begin{document}$ ^{237,238}$\end{document}

Np are compared with the available experimental data to obtain the deformation parameters in the scission point model. The deformation parameters of fission fragments are discussed at the scission point. The calculated results are also compared with the results from other methods and with experimental data. The behavior of the <TKE> distribution is then studied for the neutron-induced fission of actinides. This indicates that the <TKE> values for neutron-induced fission of actinides with odd mass numbers are greater than for those with even mass numbers.

Muon flux measurement at China Jinping Underground Laboratory

Zi-yi Guo, Lars Bathe-Peters, Shao-min Chen, Mourad Chouaki, Wei Dou, Lei Guo, Ghulam Hussain, Jin-jing Li, Qian Liu, Guang Luo, Wen-tai Luo, Ming Qi, Wen-hui Shao, Jian Tang, Lin-yan Wan, Zhe Wang, Ben-da Xu, Tong Xu, Wei-ran Xu, Yu-zi Yang, Minfang Yeh, Lin Zhao, (JNE Collaboration)

2021, 45(2): 025001. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abccae

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China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) is ideal for studying solar, geo-, and supernova neutrinos. A precise measurement of the cosmic-ray background is essential in proceeding with R&D research for these MeV-scale neutrino experiments. Using a 1-ton prototype detector for the Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE), we detected 264 high-energy muon events from a 645.2-day dataset from the first phase of CJPL (CJPL-I), reconstructed their directions, and measured the cosmic-ray muon flux to be

\begin{document}$(3.53\pm0.22_{\rm{stat.}}\pm0.07_{\rm{sys.}})\times10^{-10}$\end{document}

cm

\begin{document}$^{-2}$\end{document}

s

\begin{document}$^{-1}$\end{document}

. The observed angular distributions indicate the leakage of cosmic-ray muon background and agree with simulation data accounting for Jinping mountain's terrain. A survey of muon fluxes at different laboratory locations, considering both those situated under mountains and those down mine shafts, indicates that the flux at the former is generally a factor of

\begin{document}$(4\pm2)$\end{document}

larger than at the latter, with the same vertical overburden. This study provides a convenient back-of-the-envelope estimation for the muon flux of an underground experiment.

Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2A − a performance study

F. Aharonian, Q. An, , L. X. Bai, Y. X. Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X. J. Bi, Y. J. Bi, H. Cai, J. T. Cai, Z. Cao, J. Chang, J. F. Chang, X. C. Chang, B. M. Chen, J. Chen, L. Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Dai, D. della Volpe, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, X. J. Dong, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Z. X. Fan, J. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, Y. L. Feng, B. Gao, C. D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, M. M. Ge, L. S. Geng, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, J. G. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. C. He, S. L. He, X. B. He, Y. He, M. Heller, Y. K. Hor, C. Hou, X. Hou, H. B. Hu, S. Hu, S. C. Hu, X. J. Hu, D. H. Huang, Q. L. Huang, W. H. Huang, X. T. Huang, Z. C. Huang, F. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, C. Jin, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, B. B. Li, C. Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, H. Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W. L. Li, X. Li,

2021, 45(2): 025002. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd01b

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Abstract:
A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), KM2A is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 TeV. Even though the detector construction is still underway, half of the KM2A array has been operating stably since the end of 2019. In this paper, we present the KM2A data analysis pipeline and the first observation of the Crab Nebula, a standard candle in very high energy γ-ray astronomy. We detect γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula in both energy ranges of 10

\begin{document}$ - $\end{document}

100 TeV and

\begin{document}$ > $\end{document}

100 TeV with high significance, by analyzing the KM2A data of 136 live days between December 2019 and May 2020. With the observations, we test the detector performance, including angular resolution, pointing accuracy and cosmic-ray background rejection power. The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 10-250 TeV fits well with a single power-law function dN/dE = (1.13

\begin{document}$ \pm $\end{document}

0.05

\begin{document}$ _{\rm stat} $\end{document}

\begin{document}$ \pm $\end{document}

0.08

\begin{document}$ _{\rm sys} $\end{document}

)

\begin{document}$ \times $\end{document}

10

\begin{document}$ ^{-14} $\end{document}

\begin{document}$ \cdot $\end{document}

(E/20 TeV)

\begin{document}$ ^{-3.09\pm0.06_{\rm stat}\pm0.02_{\rm sys}} $\end{document}

cm

\begin{document}$ ^{-2} $\end{document}

s

\begin{document}$ ^{-1} $\end{document}

TeV

\begin{document}$ ^{-1} $\end{document}

. It is consistent with previous measurements by other experiments. This opens a new window of γ-ray astronomy above 0.1 PeV through which new ultrahigh-energy γ-ray phenomena, such as cosmic PeVatrons, might be discovered.

F. Aharonian, Q. An, L.X. Bai, Y.X. Bai, Y.W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bi, H. Cai, J.T. Cai, Z. Cao, Z. Cao, J. Chang, J.F. Chang, X.C. Chang, B.M. Chen, J. Chen, L. Chen, L. Chen, L. Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, X.L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cheng, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Cui, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Dai, D. della Volpe, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, X.J. Dong, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, Z.X. Fan, J. Fang, K. Fang, C.F. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, Y.L. Feng, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, M.M. Ge, L.S. Geng, G.H. Gong, Q.B. Gou, M.H. Gu, J.G. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Guo, Y.A. Han, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.C. He, S.L. He, X.B. He, Y. He, M. Heller, Y.K. Hor, C. Hou, X. Hou, H.B. Hu, S. Hu, S.C. Hu, X.J. Hu, D.H. Huang, Q.L. Huang, W.H. Huang, X.T. Huang, Z.C. Huang, F. Ji, X.L. Ji, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z.J. Jiang, C. Jin, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, B.B. Li, C. Li, C. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, H.Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W.L. Li, X. Li, X. Li, X.R. Li, Y. Li, Y.Z. Li, Z. Li, Z. Li, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Liang, S.J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, J.S. Liu, J.Y. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Z.X. Liu, W.J. Long, R. Lu, H.K. Lv, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Ma, J.R. Mao, A. Masood, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y.C. Nan, B.Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z.Y. Pei, M.Y. Qi, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X.D. Sheng, J.R. Shi, H.C. Song, Yu.V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Sun, P.H.T. Tam, Z.B. Tang, W.W. Tian, B.D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H.G. Wang, J.C. Wang, J.S. Wang, L.P. Wang, L.Y. Wang, R.N. Wang, W. Wang, W. Wang, X.G. Wang, X.J. Wang, X.Y. Wang, Y.D. Wang, Y.J. Wang, Y.P. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, Z.H. Wang, Z.X. Wang, D.M. Wei, J.J. Wei, Y.J. Wei, T. Wen, C.Y. Wu, H.R. Wu, S. Wu, W.X. Wu, X.F. Wu, S.Q. Xi, J. Xia, J.J. Xia, G.M. Xiang, G. Xiao, H.B. Xiao, G.G. Xin, Y.L. Xin, Y. Xing, D.L. Xu, R.X. Xu, L. Xue, D.H. Yan, C.W. Yang, F.F. Yang, J.Y. Yang, L.L. Yang, M.J. Yang, R.Z. Yang, S.B. Yang, Y.H. Yao, Z.G. Yao, Y.M. Ye, L.Q. Yin, N. Yin, X.H. You, Z.Y. You, Y.H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H.D. Zeng, T.X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z.K. Zeng, M. Zha, X.X. Zhai, B.B. Zhang, H.M. Zhang, H.Y. Zhang, J.L. Zhang, J.W. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L.X. Zhang, P.F. Zhang, P.P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S.R. Zhang, S.S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y.F. Zhang, Y.L. Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L.Z. Zhao, S.P. Zhao, F. Zheng, Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J.N. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X.X. Zhou, C.G. Zhu, F.R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K.J. Zhu and X. Zuo. Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2A − a Performance Study[J]. Chinese Physics C. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abd01b.

Neutron star cooling and GW170817 constraint within quark-meson coupling models

Odilon Lourenço, César H. Lenzi, Mariana Dutra, Tobias Frederico, M. Bhuyan, Rodrigo Negreiros, César V. Flores, Guilherme Grams, Débora P. Menezes

2021, 45(2): 025101. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abca1c

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Abstract:
In the present work, we used five different versions of the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model to compute astrophysical quantities related to the GW170817 event and the neutron star cooling process. Two of the models are based on the original bag potential structure and three versions consider a harmonic oscillator potential to confine quarks. The bag-like models also incorporate the pasta phase used to describe the inner crust of neutron stars. With a simple method studied in the present work, we show that the pasta phase does not play a significant role. Moreover, the QMC model that satisfies the GW170817 constraints with the lowest slope of the symmetry energy exhibits a cooling profile compatible with observational data.

Instability of AdS black holes with lattices

Yi Ling, Meng-He Wu

2021, 45(2): 025102. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abccac

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Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes with lattices are essential for optical conductivity studies in the holographic approach. We investigate the instability of these black holes that can result in the holographic description of charge density waves. In the presence of homogeneous axion fields, we show that the instability of AdS-Reissner-Nordström (AdS-RN) black holes is always suppressed. However, in the presence of Q-lattices, we find that the unstable region becomes the smallest in the vicinity of the critical region for the metal/insulator phase transition. This novel phenomenon is reminiscent of the behavior of the holographic entanglement entropy during quantum phase transitions.

Strong cosmic censorship for a scalar field in an Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet-de Sitter black hole

Qingyu Gan, Peng Wang, Houwen Wu, Haitang Yang

2021, 45(2): 025103. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abccaf

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It has been shown that the Christodoulou version of the strong cosmic censorship (SCC) conjecture can be violated for a scalar field in a near-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole. In this paper, we investigate the effects of higher derivative corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action on the validity of SCC, by considering a neutral massless scalar perturbation in

\begin{document}$ 5 $\end{document}

- and

\begin{document}$ 6 $\end{document}

-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet-de Sitter black holes. Our numerical results show that the higher derivative term plays a different role in the

\begin{document}$ d = 5 $\end{document}

case than it does in the

\begin{document}$ d = 6 $\end{document}

case. For

\begin{document}$ d = 5 $\end{document}

, the SCC violation region increases as the strength of the higher derivative term increases. For

\begin{document}$ d = 6 $\end{document}

, the SCC violation region first increases and then decreases as the higher derivative correction becomes stronger, and SCC can always be restored for a black hole with a fixed charge ratio when the higher derivative correction is strong enough. Finally, we find that the

\begin{document}$ C^{2} $\end{document}

version of SCC is respected in the

\begin{document}$ d = 6 $\end{document}

case, but can be violated in some near-extremal regimes in the

\begin{document}$ d = 5 $\end{document}

case.

Instability of regularized 4D charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet de-Sitter black holes

Peng Liu, Chao Niu, Cheng-Yong Zhang

2021, 45(2): 025104. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcd2d

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We studied the instability of regularized 4D charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet de-Sitter black holes under charged scalar perturbations. The unstable modes satisfy the superradiant condition, but not all of the modes satisfying the superradiant condition are unstable. The instability occurs when the cosmological constant is small and the black hole charge is not too large. The Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant further destabilizes black holes when both the black hole charge and the cosmological constant are small and further stabilizes black holes when the black hole charge is large.

Implications of axion-like particles from the Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. observations of PG 1553+113 and PKS 2155−304

Jun-Guang Guo, Hai-Jun Li, Xiao-Jun Bi, Su-Jie Lin, Peng-Fei Yin

2021, 45(2): 025105. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abcd2e

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We investigate the axion-like particle (ALP)-photon oscillation effect in the high-energy

\begin{document}$\gamma$\end{document}

-ray spectra of PG 1553+113 and PKS 2155−304 measured by Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. The choice of extragalactic background light (EBL) model, which induces the attenuation effect in observed

\begin{document}$\gamma$\end{document}

-ray spectra, affects the ALP implications. For the ordinary EBL model that prefers a null hypothesis, we set constraints on the ALP-photon coupling constant at 95% C.L. as

\begin{document}$g_{a\gamma}\lesssim 5\times 10^{-11} ~{\rm{GeV}}^{-1}$\end{document}

for the ALP mass

\begin{document}$\sim 10$\end{document}

neV. We also consider the CIBER observation of the cosmic infrared radiation, which shows an excess at wavelengths of

\begin{document}$\sim 1~\mu$\end{document}

m after the substraction of foregrounds. High-energy gamma-rays from extragalactic sources at high redshifts would suffer from a more significant attenuation effect caused by this excess. In this case, we find that the ALP-photon oscillation would improve the fit to the observed spectra of PKS 2155−304 and PG 1553+113 and find a favored parameter region at 95% C.L..

Slowly rotating Einstein-bumblebee black hole solution and its greybody factor in a Lorentz violation model

Chikun Ding, Xiongwen Chen

2021, 45(2): 025106. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abce51

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We obtain an exact slowly rotating Einstein-bumblebee black hole solution by solving the corresponding

\begin{document}$rr$\end{document}

and

\begin{document}$t\phi$\end{document}

components of the gravitational field equations for both cases: A)

\begin{document}$b_\mu=(0,b(r),0,0)$\end{document}

and B)

\begin{document}$b_\mu= (0,b(r), \mathfrak{b}(\theta),0)$\end{document}

. Then, we check the other gravitational field equations and the bumblebee field motion equations using this solution. We find that for case A, there indeed exists a slowly rotating black hole solution for an arbitrary LV (Lorentz violation) coupling constant

\begin{document}$\ell$\end{document}

; however, for case B, this slowly rotating solution exists if and only if coupling constant

\begin{document}$\ell$\end{document}

is as small as or smaller than angular momentum a. Thus far, no full rotating black hole solution has been published; hence, the Newman-Janis algorithm cannot be used to generate a rotating solution in the Einstein-bumblebee theory. This is similar to the Einstein-aether theory, wherein only some slowly rotating black hole solutions exist. To study the effects of this broken Lorentz symmetry, we consider the black hole greybody factor and find that, for angular index

\begin{document}$l=0$\end{document}

, LV constant

\begin{document}$\ell$\end{document}

decreases the effective potential and enhances the absorption probability, which is similar to the results for the non-minimal derivative coupling theory.

Probing the universality of acceleration scale in modified Newtonian dynamics with SPARC galaxies

Xin Li, Su-Ping Zhao, Hai-Nan Lin, Yong Zhou

2021, 45(2): 025107. doi: 10.1088/1674-1137/abce53

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Abstract:
We probe the universality of acceleration scale